Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Food Preservation Techniques

Traditional Preservation Methods (TT)

• Curing: Addition of salt to preserve food.
• Cooling: A process of removing heat to slow spoilage.
• Heating: Heating food to temperatures sufficient to kill microorganisms.
• Canning: Cooking food and sealing it in sterilized cans.
• Fermentation: The process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms.

Industrial and Modern Techniques (MIT)

• Pasteurization: A process that kills microorganisms in food and drink using high temperatures.
• Vacuum Packing: A method of packaging that removes air from the package prior to sealing.
• Artificial Food Additives: Substances added to products to prevent decomposition.
• Biopreservation: The use of natural or controlled microorganisms

Essential Medical Terminology and Patient Interview Phrases

Common Medical Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abdo.

Abdomen

a.c.

Before meals

AJ

Ankle Jerk

a.m.

Morning

AP

Antero-Posterior

AS

Alimentary System

A&W

Alive and Well

BB

Bed Bath

b.d./b.i.d.

Twice a day

BI

Bone Injury

BID

Brought In Dead

BM

Bowel Movement

BP

Blood Pressure

BS

Bowel Sounds

CAD

Coronary Artery Disease

CCF

Congestive Cardiac Failure

Chr. CF

Chronic Cardiac Failure

CNS

Central Nervous System

C/o

Complains of

Creps

Crepitations

CT

Cerebral Tumor; Coronary Thrombosis

CV

Cardiovascular

CVS

Cardiovascular System; Cerebrovascular System

D

Divorced

ECG/EKG

Electrocardiogram

EEG

Electroencephalogram

ENT

Ear, Nose, Throat

F

Female

FUO

Fever of Unknown Origin

GC

General Condition

GIS

Gastro-Intestinal System

GP

General Practitioner

GUS

Genito-Urinary

Essential Vocabulary for Global News and Current Affairs

Environmental and Disaster Terminology

Crop

A plant, such as a grain, fruit, or vegetable, that is grown in large amounts by farmers.

Soil

The top layer of earth that plants grow in.

To harvest

To pick and collect crops, or to collect plants, animals, or fish to eat.

Drought

A long period when there is little or no rain (Spanish: sequía).

Outbreak

A time when something suddenly begins, especially a disease or something else dangerous or unpleasant.

Salvo

A sudden attack.

Famine

A situation in which there is not enough food for a great number of people.

Meltdown

A situation when fuel in a nuclear power station becomes very hot and melts through its container, escaping into the air.

Reactor

A machine which

Unit 9

1) Compound Adjectives

• Bald-headed: Calvo
• Bad-tempered: Enfadado
• Brown-eyed: Ojos marrones
• Curly-haired: Rizado
• Easy-going: Fácil
• Long-legged: Patilargo
• Rosy-cheeked: Mejilla rosa
• Suntanned: Moreno
• Warm-hearted: Amable
• Broad-minded: De mente abierta
• Self-disciplined: Centrado
• Big-headed: Cabezón

2) Body Idioms

• a) Keep an eye on someone
• b) Twist someone's arm
• c) Pull someone's leg
• d) Put your foot in it
• e) Be on the tip of your tongue
• f) Give someone a hand
• g) Keep a straight face
• h) Pick someone's brains

3) Relative Clauses

The plasma TV has broken. I only bought it last week.

The plasma TV, which I bought last week, has broken.

Unit 10

1) Expressions with Mind

• a) Mind your own business
• b) Do you mind if...?
• c) I don't mind + noun or -ing
• d) Change your mind
• e) Make

Basic First Aid Principles

Legal Aspects of First Aid

Understanding the legal framework is crucial when providing first aid. "Good Samaritan" laws protect individuals who offer assistance in an emergency, provided certain conditions are met.

Good Samaritan Laws

You are protected from liability as long as:

• You are reasonably careful.
• You act in "good faith" (not for a reward).
• You do not provide care beyond your skill level.

If you decide to help an ill or injured person, you must not leave them until someone with equal or more emergency training takes over.

Consent for First Aid

A responsible adult must agree to receive first aid care. Obtaining consent is a fundamental step before providing assistance.

Expressed Consent

Expressed Consent means the victim... Continue reading "Critical First Aid: Legalities, Roles, and Action Steps" »

Section X14A: Vocabulary and Sentence Practice

Vocabulary: look after, accelerated, took part (in), demanding.

Exercise 3

• a) Had only one bedroom.
• b) Read together, but they also played games.
• c) Their parents were not well off; both children were brought up with an emphasis on education.
• d) Taking various accelerated courses, she went on to attend...

Section X14B: Travel and Adventure Phrases

Vocabulary: duration, abroad, cash, suit.

Exercise 3

• a) You can go on your own mini-adventure because our trips start from a one-week duration.
• b) Before you move on to Southeast Asia, you could work in Australia.
• c) It's easy to plan your adventure.
• d) She told them that if they were sensible, they would be safe.

Section S14A: Health and Lifestyle Habits

Vocabulary:

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Fundamentals

Key Components of EBP

Clinical Expertise: The ability to use skills and past experience to rapidly identify each patient's unique health state and weigh potential interventions.

Research Evidence: Clinically relevant research into diagnostic tests, prognostic markers, and interventions.

Patient Characteristics: The unique preferences, concerns, and expectations of each patient, which must be integrated into decision-making.

Understanding Medical Paradigms

What is a Shift in Medical Paradigms?

A formal set of rules for interpreting clinical research must complement clinical training.

What are Insufficient Grounds for Clinical Decision-Making?

Intuition, unsystematic clinical experience, and pathophysiological... Continue reading "Evidence-Based Practice: Principles and Research Variables" »

Vocabulary and Grammar Essentials

General Vocabulary

Advertisements: anuncis publicitaris, articles: articles, audio: àudio, author: autor, autobiography: autobiografia; biography: biografía; bookshop: llibreria; campaign: campanya; cartoons: dibuixos animats; classic: un classic; comedy: comedia; comic book: comic; communication: comunicació; cookbook: llibre de cuina; detective fiction: novela policiaca; dictionary: diccionari; digital version: versio digital; e-book: llibre electronic; essay: assaig; fable: faula; fiction: ficcio; headlines: titulars; horror story: historia de terror; ingredients: ingredients; library: biblioteca; magazine: revista; maps: mapes; mystery: misteri; newspaper: diari; novel: novela; places to stay: jocs per... Continue reading "Vocabulary and Grammar Essentials for Language Learners" »

If a patient has a family history of cardiovascular disease and is concerned about his own level of risk, the most useful measurements would be serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels

If gangrene develops in a patient's foot and the patient is found to have high blood lipid levels, he or she probably has peripheral artery disease.

If a patient has a thrombosis in a cerebral artery, he or she would experience a stroke.

A patient who would be likely to have elevated serum triglyceride levels is a(n) overweight man who drinks three alcoholic beverages a day.

The primary goal of therapy to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease is to lower serum levels of _____ cholesterol. LDL

In a 55-year-old woman, an LDL cholesterol

issues(problemes): performance(rendiment), assessment(avaluacio), rehydratation strategies, sex, sweating rate. -- increase risk: initiate dehyated, multiple training, diuretics