Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Essential English Vocabulary

Common Terms and Expressions

• Alike - Semblant
• Adequate - Appropriate
• Awkward - Complicat
• Culture gap - Bretxa cultural
• Fit in - Encaixar
• Foreign - Estrany
• Misconception - Idea equivocada
• Outlook - Punt de vista
• Narrow-minded - Mentalitat tancada
• Roots - Origen
• Straightforward - Sincer/Directe
• Unheard of - Insòlit/a
• Come what may - Passi el que passi
• Fetch - Anar
• Heritage - Patrimoni
• Long for - Desitjar
• Overwhelming - Insuportable

Work and Education

• Boom - Molta demanda
• Degree - Grau
• Freelance - Per compte propi
• Internship - (Estada de) pràctiques
• Overtime - Hores extres
• Range - Varietat
• Rewarding - Gratificant
• Room for advancement - Possibilitat d'ascens
• Self-employed - Autònom
• Shift - Torn
• Think outside the box - Pensar diferent
• Troubleshooting

Common English Idioms and Phrases

Idioms with Meanings and Examples

Put Your Foot in Your Mouth

Meaning: To say something foolish, embarrassing, or hurtful by accident.

Example: I put my foot in my mouth when I called my brother's new wife by his ex-wife's name.

Cost an Arm and a Leg

Meaning: To be very expensive.

Example: It cost me an arm and a leg to get my car fixed.

Get Off My Back

Meaning: Stop bothering or criticizing me.

Example: Stop telling me what to do. Get off my back!

Give Someone the Cold Shoulder

Meaning: To ignore someone or treat them in an unfriendly way.

Example: I saw my ex-girlfriend at a party, but she wouldn't talk to me. She gave me the cold shoulder.

Feel Weak at the Knees

Meaning: To feel nervous, frightened, or excited.

Example:

In professional and personal contexts, knowing how to write a sincere and effective apology is crucial. This document outlines key elements and provides an example to help you master the art of apology communication.

Key Elements of an Apology Letter or Email

A well-structured apology addresses the issue clearly, expresses genuine regret, explains the situation, outlines corrective actions, and offers appropriate compensation or goodwill gestures.

Introduction: Acknowledging the Issue

• Thank you for your letter...
• I was sorry to hear that...
• Thank you for bringing this matter to our attention.

Apology: Expressing Regret

• I can only apologize for...
• Please accept my sincere apologies (for...).
• We apologize for any inconvenience caused / for the inconvenience.

-good morning teacher and classmate, today i'm going to explain about evolotion of conventional medicine.

- In most western countries it's practiced what we're used to call conventional medicine.

-thaught in medical schools and believed to be the most effective treatment, the most common treatments of conventional medicine include the prescription of antibiotics and prescription of scientifically tested farmaceuticals or surgical procedures.

-twelve haundred to six haundred before christ(1200-600)sushruta was an indian physician also he has been the first known surgeon in history, He authored the sushruta samhita, a commentary on medical science of surgery.

-four haundred sixty before christ( 460) hippocrates was recognized as the father of modern... Continue reading "A Brief History of Conventional Medicine" »

1) What are the vital signs?

- Blood pressure (BP), Temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, saturation of oxygen

2) What different patient charts are there? What do nurses document on them?

- Observation charts: Nurses document the patient's vital signs.
- Fluid balance chart: To document input/output of liquids/fluids.
- Drugs chart: To document the drugs given/administered to the patient.

3) Name different types of trolleys.

- Drugs trolley
- Dressings trolley
- Crash trolley

4) What happens when a patient is on a waiting list and a hospital bed becomes vacant?

The patient is contacted and told when to report to the hospital for admission.

5) Can all illnesses be treated at home?

No, not all illnesses can be treated at home. Some need hospitalization,... Continue reading "A Comprehensive Guide to Hospital Procedures, Common Illnesses, and Patient Care" »

Hospital Departments & Nursing Insights

My mother always dreamed of working in a hospital, specifically in the *Accident and Emergency (A&E)* department. This is where patients arrive and are admitted for urgent care.

From my perspective, the ground floor is often where the most critical activities unfold, housing not only A&E but also the *operating theatres* and *delivery rooms*. Once, during her time as a nursing student, she had to attend to an elderly person who had suffered a *myocardial infarction* (heart attack). As it was her first experience, she didn't feel adequately prepared to perform tasks like checking blood pressure and administering injections. In that challenging moment, my mother primarily focused on preparing... Continue reading "Hospital Care Unveiled: Patient Journeys & Medical Services" »

Essential English Vocabulary for Professionals

Suffix -MENT: Noun Formation

• Consume: consumption
• Produce: production
• Solve: solution
• Reduce: reduction
• Pay: payment
• Encourage: encouragement
• Invest: investment

Suffix -TION: Noun Formation

• Develop: development
• Improve: improvement
• Manage: management
• Agree: agreement (meaning 'accord')
• Define: definition
• Satisfy: satisfaction
• Explore: exploration
• Explain: explanation

Suffix -ANCE: Noun Formation

• Perform: performance
• Appear: appearance
• Guide: guidance (meaning 'direction')
• Assist: assistance
• Resist: resistance
• Disappear: disappearance (meaning 'vanishing')

Suffix -AL: Noun Formation

• Remove: removal (meaning 'elimination')
• Appraise: appraisal (meaning 'evaluation')
• Refuse: refusal (meaning 'denial')
• Deny: denial (meaning 'negation'

Natural Disasters Vocabulary

• Avalanche: avalancha (a large amount of snow and ice that suddenly falls down a mountain)
• Drought: sequía
• Earthquake: terremoto
• Epidemic: epidemia (a situation in which a disease spreads very quickly and infects many people)
• Flood: inundación
• Forest Fire: incendio forestal (a situation in which a large area with trees burns)
• Hurricane: huracán (a violent storm with extremely strong winds and heavy rain)
• Landslide: corrimiento de tierras
• Tsunami: tsunami (a series of powerful ocean waves, typically caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, displacing a large quantity of water)
• Volcanic Eruption: erupción volcánica
• Tremors: temblores
• Collapsing: colapso
• Damage: daños
• Famine: escasez (hambre)
• Starve: morir de

Symbolism in The Great Gatsby

Symbols

The Green Light

• Symbolizes Gatsby's hopes and dreams.
• Represents everything that haunts and beckons Gatsby: the physical and emotional distance between him and what he desires.

The Eyes of T.J. Eckleburg

• Symbolize the haunting waste of the past, which lingers though it is irretrievably vanished, much like Eckleburg's medical practice.
• Can also be linked to Gatsby, whose own eyes, once described as "vacant," often stare out blankly, keeping "vigil" over Long Island Sound and the green light.

The Valley of Ashes

• Depicts the stark contrast between the laborers (lower class) and the rich (upper class).
• Shows the consequences of being left behind.

East and West

• Both morally corrupt.
• East: Old money, rooted in tradition.
• West:

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