Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Maritime Incident Report: Ocean Star Fire

The cargo ship Ocean Star was en route to Singapore with an estimated time of arrival (ETA) of 18:00 when its engine room suddenly caught fire. The crew bravely attempted to extinguish the flames, but thick smoke quickly spread throughout the vessel. The captain promptly sent a distress call, reporting their position as 15°N, 104°E. Nearby ships altered their course to assist, and emergency services were alerted to be on standby at the nearest port. By 17:45, the fire was brought under control, but the ship remained adrift, awaiting tugboats for safe harbor. This incident highlights the critical importance of effective maritime emergency procedures and communication.

Essential Maritime Vocabulary

Key

-Techniques of putting very cold -water on your face

“Tek-niks of pu-ting veri kold wo-ter on yor feis”

-If these techniques do not work, -you may need:

“If diz tek-niks do not werk, yu may nid:”

-an injection of medicine into a vein -to reset your heart rhythm

“an in-yek-shon of med-i-sin in-to a vein to ri-set yor jart ri-zum”

-a procedure that uses electricity -to reset your heart rhythm 

-(electrical cardioversion)

“a pro-si-jer dat yu-zes e-lek-tri-si-ti to ri-set yor jart ri-zum (e-lek-tri-cal car-dio-ver-shon)”

⸻

-Treatment to prevent symptoms

“Trit-ment to pri-vent simp-toms”

-If you keep getting symptoms or if -you’re at risk of having a very fast -heartbeat that becomes life

-threatening, you may be offered -treatment... Continue reading "Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Symptoms and Treatments" »

Language and Communication

• Accent, cognate, comment on, idiom (frase hecha), mother tongue, proverb (refrán), slang.
• Isolated, cut off, get through (comunicarse), lose signal, on speakerphone, plug in (enchufar), run out of battery, swipe (arrastrar), tag sb (etiquetar), suffer (resentirse).

Sports and Wellbeing

• Cheer (animar), drop out (of a race) (abandonar), get through (to the final) (llegar), sign up, sporty (aficionado al deporte), substitute (suplente), wellbeing (bienestar).
• Come up with (ocurrírsele), end up (acabar), go ahead (seguir), keep track of (controlar), take over (tomar el relevo), work out (calcular).
• Be mindful (ser consciente), cut out (eliminar), enrol (in a class) (apuntarse), gain perspective (lograr perspectiva), get in

Key Definitions: Science, Security, and Social Terms

Scientific and Medical Vocabulary

Acid

A liquid chemical that can burn what it touches.

Bacteria

The simplest and smallest forms of life, some of which can cause diseases.

Biology

The scientific study of all living things (plants and animals).

Cancer

A diseased growth in the body which can cause death.

Gene

An extremely small chemical unit which passes qualities from parents to children.

Genetics

The study of genes and how they work.

Mathematics

The science of numbers.

Physics

The scientific study of light, heat, and sound.

Virus

A simple organism smaller than bacteria, which causes infectious diseases.

Security, Technology, and Finance Terms

Airlock

A small room with an airtight door at each end.

Auction

A sale... Continue reading "Essential Vocabulary: Science, Security, and Social Terms" »

English Grammar: Past, Present, and Future

Past Tenses

• Past Simple: V2 (+I went, -I didn’t go, ?Did I go)
• Past Continuous: was/were + V-ing (+I was reading, -I wasn’t reading, ?Was I reading)
• Past Perfect: had + V3 (+She had left, -She hadn’t left, ?Had she left; already = уже, just = только что)
• Used to: used to + inf (+I used to play, -I didn’t use to play, ?Did you use to play)
• Would: would + inf (only for habits, +She would go)

Present Perfect Tenses

• Present Perfect Simple: have/has + V3 (+I’ve lost my keys, -I haven’t lost my keys, ?Have you lost your keys?) – used with for/since
• Present Perfect Continuous: have/has been + V-ing (+I’ve been studying for 2 hours, -I haven’t been studying, ?Have you been studying?) –

🧪 Topic 70: Lincosamides, Amphenicols, Polymyxins

Lincosamides (e.g., Clindamycin)

• MOA: Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit → inhibits peptide translocation → blocks protein synthesis (bacteriostatic).

• Use: Anaerobic infections (e.g., Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides), aspiration pneumonia, oral infections, invasive Streptococcus infections.

• Adverse effects: Diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile), fever.

• Contraindication: Pregnancy (first trimester).

Amphenicols (e.g., Chloramphenicol)

• MOA: Inhibits peptidyltransferase on the 50S subunit → blocks protein synthesis (bacteriostatic).

• Use: Meningitis (H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae), Rickettsial infections.

• Adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression (aplastic anemia)

Tissues and Organs

Muscles

Common Vocabulary Terms

Full Stop

Definition: A mark (.) indicating the end of a sentence or declarative statement.

Example: Remember to use a full stop at the end of every sentence.

Handbag

Definition: A small bag, often carried by women, for money, keys, and personal items.

Example: My mother always carried a handbag containing her essentials.

Means

Definition: A method, course of action, or instrument by which something can be accomplished.

Example: He used effective means to achieve his goal.

Mobile Phone

Definition: A portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a cellular network.

Example: Yesterday, I bought a very modern mobile phone.

Motorway

Definition: A wide road, built for fast-moving traffic over long distances.

Example: I saw a black... Continue reading "Everyday English Words: Meanings and Usage Examples" »

Antihypertensive Drug Cheat Sheet

🧠 Hypertension Basics

• Normal BP: <120/<80 mmHg

• Stage 1 HTN: 130–139 / 80–89 mmHg

• Stage 2 HTN: ≥140 / ≥90 mmHg

• HTN Crisis: ≥180 / ≥120 mmHg

• Complications: Stroke, MI, CKD, HF, ED

💦 Diuretics

🧬 RAAS Inhibitors

Part 1: Family, Relationships, and Actions

• Chore: tasca
• Name after: dir-se com
• Get a job: aconseguir una feina
• Fiancé: promès
• Provide: proporcionar
• Get along: avenir-se
• Nephew: nebot
• Reject: rebutjar
• Get an award: rebre un premi
• Niece: neboda
• Side with: fer costat a
• Get back: tornar
• Peer: company
• Stand out: destacar
• Get dark: fer-se fosc
• Sibling: germà / germana
• Stay away: allunyar-se
• Get divorced: divorciar-se
• Apply for: demanar
• Take after: assemblar-se
• Get engaged: prometre's
• Bring up: criar
• Tease: riure's de
• Get good marks: treure bones notes
• Fit in: adaptar-se
• Alike: semblant
• Get home: arribar a casa
• Grow apart: distanciar-se
• Aware of: conscient de
• Get lost: perdre's
• Involve: tractar sobre
• Easy-going: poc exigent
• Get old: fer-se gran
• Live up to: estar a l'altura
• Likely: