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History 201 First Exam Study Guide

Study Guide for First Exam which will be on May 20

Below are the key terms and events that could be on the first exam

1st exam possible study guide

Roanoke and Croatoan:

• First English Colony was at Roanoke
• THE COLONISTS AT ROANOKE DISAPPEAR AND THE 

ONLY CLUE AS TO THEIR FATE WAS THE WORD

“CROATOAN” CARVED INTO A TREE

• Big mystery in history, what happened at Roanoke?

Jamestown:

• THE FIRST PERMANENT ENGLISH SETTLEMENT IS ESTABLISHED AT JAMESTOWN IN 1607

BELIEVING THAT THE COLONISTS AT

ROANOKE WERE KILLED BY INDIANS,

• THE COLONISTS AT JAMESTOWN SET

UP THEIR COLONY ON A SWAMPY ISLAND

WHICH WOULD BE EASY TO DEFEND

Nathaniel Bacon:

NATHANIEL BACON, AN ARISTOCRAT who 

LEAD A GROUP OF INDENTURED SERVANTS

AGAINST THE ARISTOCRACY... Continue reading "History 201 First Exam Study Guide" »

Key Concepts and Events

Nueva Planta Decrees

After the War of the Spanish Succession, Philip V approved these decrees, replacing existing laws and institutions in the Crown of Aragon. This consolidated power under the monarchy.

Land Ownership

• Manos Muertas (Mortmain): Land owned by the Church and religious orders, which could not be sold.
• Mayorazgos: Land owned by noble families, inherited entirely by the firstborn son.
• Realengos: Land owned by the king.

Economic Developments

Domestic Trade: Initially hindered by internal customs and poor road conditions. The Bourbons invested in infrastructure and created the intendente role to organize provincial economies.

The Catastro: A comprehensive registry of rural and urban properties.

Royal Factories: Grand... Continue reading "18th & 19th Century Spanish History & Politics" »

League of Nations Agencies: A Better World?

Health Committee

Aims

Address dangerous diseases and educate people about health and sanitation. Collect statistical information, spread new ideas, and develop programs to combat illness.

Achievements

• Collected statistical information and spread best practices.
• Sponsored research into infectious diseases.
• Developed vaccines and medicines against deadly diseases.
• Launched a global campaign to exterminate mosquitoes, reducing cases of malaria and yellow fever.
• Worked to prevent plague outbreaks.

Obstacles

None specified.

International Labor Organization

Aims

• Improve working conditions.
• Persuade member countries to adopt suggestions.

Achievements

• Banned poisonous white lead from paint.
• Limited the working hours of young

National Personifications

Britannia - a national personification of the United Kingdom. The name 'Britannia' symbolizes Britain and British patriotism.

Caledonia

Latin name given by the Romans to the land north of their province of Britannia, roughly corresponding to modern-day Scotland.

Cambria

Name for Wales, being the Latinized form of the Welsh name for the country, Cymru.

Hibernia

Classical Latin name for the island of Ireland.

Eire

Irish for 'Ireland', the name of an island and a sovereign state.

Erin

Hiberno-English derivative of the Irish word 'Éirinn'.

The Emerald Isle

Poetic name for Ireland due to its green countryside.

the Union Jack

National flag of the United Kingdom.

John Bull

National personification of the United Kingdom.

Historical Events

Wars

Transitivity Alternations

The Middle Alternation

The middle alternation involves a change in a verb's transitivity. Transitive verbs with an agent subject and a patient object can have an intransitive pattern. The subject of this intransitive pattern takes on the role of the object in the transitive use, followed by an adverbial or prepositional phrase.

Example:

• Transitive: The carpenter sawed the wood.
• Intransitive: The wood saws easily.

Verbs allowing the middle alternation express a change of state in the object. The middle construction emphasizes the subject being affected by the action (affectedness constraint). Verbs like pat or touch, where the object isn't affected, don't allow this construction.

Example:

• They hit the ball.
• *The ball hits easily.

History of Slavery

Slavery Defined

Slavery refers to a condition in which individuals are owned by others, who control where they live and at what they work. Slavery has existed throughout history, in many times and most places.

Life on Board Slave Ships

Slave ships spent several months traveling to different parts of the coast, buying their cargo. The captives were often in poor health from the physical and mental abuse they had suffered. They were taken on board, stripped naked, and examined from head to toe by the captain or surgeon.

The Abolition of the Slave Trade

The abolition of the slave trade in the British Empire was not going to happen overnight. Britain had been involved in the slave trade for more than 100 years before some people began... Continue reading "Slavery: History, Abolition, and Impact on Society" »

The History of Al-Andalus

Conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (8th Century)

In the 8th century, Muslim armies, expanding far beyond the Arabian Peninsula, crossed into the Iberian Peninsula in 711 CE. This marked a continuation of Islamic expansion across the Mediterranean region, fueled by a civil war within the Visigothic Kingdom. The Muslims, led by Tariq ibn Ziyad, defeated the Visigoth King Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete. Musa ibn Nusayr, the Muslim governor of North Africa, soon followed with reinforcements.

Independent Emirate of Cordoba (756-929)

Abd al-Rahman I, fleeing the Abbasid Revolution, established the independent Emirate of Cordoba in 756 CE. This marked the beginning of a unique era in Islamic history.

Caliphate of Cordoba

Decolonization

Definition

Process that began in 1945 and led to the dismantlement of the colonial empires and the independence of their colonies. It affected over half of the world's surface.

Causes

1. World War II: Colonies became aware of their own importance as their colonizers' prestige was reduced.
2. Nationalist Movements: After the war, nationalistic ideas fueled by liberalism and Marxism spread through colonies.
3. Emergence of Charismatic Leaders: The elites of many colonized nations had studied in European universities. When they returned, they formed political parties and took the lead in the independence process.
4. International Support: Support grew from groups of intellectuals, Christians, international movements, and the newly created UN.

Stages

1. 1945-

Consequences of WWI

Short-term: Economic depression, 16,000,000 deaths, Germany lost support, destruction, League of Nations.

Long-term: Extremism (fascism, communism), loss of colonies and territories, new countries, WWII and Cold War.

Definitions

Armistice: Agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.

Allied Powers: Nations joined for mutual benefit (Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States).

Balkans: Also called the Balkan Peninsula, the easternmost of Europe’s three great southern peninsulas.

Central Powers: Nations fighting against the Allied Powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire).

Conscript: To enlist someone obligatorily into the armed services.

Kaiser: German... Continue reading "Understanding the First World War: A Comprehensive Analysis" »