Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for History

World War I: The Great War

Causes and Outbreak

World War I, known as the Great War in Britain, erupted in 1914 as a result of pre-existing alliances. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo triggered a chain of events. Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia, prompting Russia to mobilize in Serbia's defense. Germany, in turn, declared war on Russia and France. Britain, bound by treaty to France, joined the conflict.

First Phase (June 1914)

Despite declaring war on Germany, France and Britain initially refrained from attacking. Germany seized the initiative, executing the Schlieffen Plan. They invaded Belgium, intending to bypass French defenses and capture Paris.

Second Phase (Early 1916 - End 1917)

The war entered a phase... Continue reading "World War I: A Comprehensive Overview of the Great War" »

Causes of the American Revolution

• Organize Great Britain's new North American empire
• Stabilize relations with Native North Americans
• Stabilize land purchases on the western frontier

Major Events

• England passes series of taxes and laws designed to make Colonies pay for war. Colonies do not like this. Events like the Boston Massacre, and Boston Tea Party occur to protest the policies that are aimed at America.
• American colonist exchange fire with British troops at Lexington.
• Declaration of Independence.
• Treaty of Ghent ends war.

Short and Long Term Consequences

• ESTABLISHED MORE RIGHTS FOR FIRST NATIONS
• Ended war between Indians and settlers
• Formed alliance with French.

The Royal Proclamation: Answer in full sentences

1) What are the key aspects of the Royal

The French Revolution of 1789

C 1789: A Revolution Breaks Out

Goals of Theodore Roosevelt's Administration

• Spread democracy around the U.S. and the world
• Limit the power of big business
• Bring about a better government
• Help out the poor through government initiatives
• Increase government regulation

Theodore Roosevelt's Life

• Overcame asthma and became governor
• Elected as President
• Established national parks, wildlife preserves, and passed the Pure Food & Drug Act
• Limited power of big businesses

Events:

• The Compromise of 1850
• Uncle Tom's Cabin
• Dred Scott v. Stanford
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
• The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858
• Lincoln's Election as President 1860
• John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry
• Secession

Grant's Indian Policy

• Moved Indians onto reservations
• Assimilation - making them adapt to white culture and speaking

The Bourbon Dynasty in Spain and the War of Succession

The War of Spanish Succession (1700-1713)

Charles II died in 1700 appointing Philip of Bourbon as his successor. The other European countries did not accept Charles's will and the War of Spanish Succession began. This was an international conflict as well as an internal conflict.

Castile and France supported Philip V whereas the rest of European countries (Britain, the Dutch Republic, Portugal, and Austria) and the Crown of Aragon defended Archduke Charles of Habsburg.

Philip V defeated Valencia and Aragon in the battle of Almansa (1707) and took Catalonia in 1714 and Mallorca in 1715.

The international conflict changed when Charles of Habsburg became the German emperor and lost interest in... Continue reading "Bourbon Dynasty in Spain: War of Succession & 18th Century" »

The League's Aims

The League of Nations was set up because President Wilson wanted this more than anything else.

He wanted the League to be a kind of ‘world parliament’, where nations would sort out their arguments.   He hoped this would stop wars.   But Wilson wanted to do more than just stop war; he wanted to make the world a better place.   He wanted the League to do things to improve people’s lives and jobs.   He wanted to improve public health, and to end slavery.

Wilson also hoped that the League would persuade the nations to agree to disarmament – to put down their weapons.   That would make war impossible.

Finally, Wilson thought that the League of Nations could enforce the Treaty of Versailles, and persuade... Continue reading "The main stages of cold war." »

Neoclassicism:

1770-1830

Return to the rules of Classical Antiquity (Greece and Rome).

The discovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum helps to make Antiquity fashionable.

It is a severe style, containment in forms (wants to get away from the Baroque and Rococo).

Jacques-Louis David: he was a great neoclassicism painter. He paints historical themes but linking with the political reality of the moment. He’s the painter of the French State and of Napoleon

The Arcs of Triumph of Napoleon: 3

After winning the battle of Austerlitz, he promised his soldiers that they would enter Paris under a triumphal arch as in the Roman Empire1806-36: works of the Arc de Triomphe • Incorporates decoration on the military victories of France • 1807-09: works of the Arc... Continue reading "Neoclassicism and Urban Reform in Europe" »

Alexander Kerensky

Member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party and an active participant in the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet.

April Theses

Document published by Lenin stating there should be no support for the Provisional Government and advocating withdrawal from World War I.

Bolsheviks

Marxist revolutionary group led by Lenin that sought a socialist revolution and aimed to give power to the workers.

Communism

Economic and social system created by Karl Marx, proposing that everything produced is shared instead of being kept by the one who created it.

Dual Power

Term referring to the two governing bodies in Russia after the February Revolution: the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet.

Duma

National Russian parliament formed... Continue reading "Key Terms of the Russian Revolution" »

1)  circulation elements include the following:

d) all of the above ***

2)  The krak des chevalier castle was built by what Order of knights

       a)Hospitaller knights

3)Where did the crusader castles store their Water?  

      a)An Aqueduct

4)Which monastic church was a unique example of Romanesque Architecture?

    a) Cluny In Italy(france). ********** or St Peter’s Basilica  in Rome or Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano in rome

5)Name The monumental sculpture of a recumbent lion with the pharaoh. It is placed at The foot of the great pyramids at gizah.  

     b)The Sphinx

6)A hypostyle hall in the great temple at karnak Contains many columns with the following average diameter:

      a)12 foot diameter

7)A hypostyle hall

FUEROS AND LIBERALISM: CARLIST WARS AND PROCESS TO ABOLISH THE FUEROS (1833-1876)

The Foral Regime

Fueros were the old laws of Basque people at the beginning were oral, but then became to be written. Even though Basque Fueros were not the only ones, they lasted more than the others, until 1876. In addition, it must be said that each Basque territory had its own Fueros: Guipozcoa, Alava, Viscay, Lapurdi, Zuberoa and Navarre. This implied that each territory has its own government as well.

Characteristics:

• The institutions were the following ones:

  • Town Councils: there were the essential units of political organization. Citizens chose their mayors. Moreover, each council used to send its representative to the General Juntas.

  • General Juntas: their main