Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of History

Cold War: Key Events and Concepts

The Civil Rights Movement (CRM)

The Civil Rights Movement was a social movement in the USA during the 1960s that fought for legal and real equality for African-Americans. Led by figures like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, the movement achieved significant progress after a long struggle, thanks in part to the contributions of presidents like John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.

The Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan was a US initiative to rebuild Europe after World War II. While seemingly an economic plan, it had significant political implications. The USA offered economic aid to all of Europe, including Eastern European countries, but Stalin prevented them from accepting it. This exposed Stalin's intentions... Continue reading "Cold War: A Summary of Key Events and Concepts" »

Black Power

Black Power is a political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies aimed at achieving self-determination for people of African descent. It is used primarily, but not exclusively, by African Americans in the United States. The Black Power movement was prominent in the late 1960s and early 1970s

Intersectionality

a way of understanding and analysing the complexity in the world, in people, and in human experiences.

Garveyite

Supporter of Marcus Garvey and a 20th century racial and political doctrine advocating black separation and the formation of self-governing black nations in Africa.

Incomprehensibility

We live, move, and have our being on a finite plane, but God lives, moves, and has His being in infinity. Our finite understanding... Continue reading "Black Power, Intersectionality, and Black Religion: A Historical Overview" »

Long term WWII

1. The impact of WW I. War reparations were paid by Germany. This caused resentment which later contributed to the rise of Nazi extremism. 2. The rise of fascism and nationalism. There was a great fear of a similar revolution that could happen in their countries, after the Russian revolution. Fascism, Communism and other authoritarian solutions were considered a good solution for those who feared the communist revolution. 3. Weakness of democracies. When Hitler began with his expansionism and rearmament, the democratic countries Britain and France considered avoiding a new war was their number one priority, so they didn't face Hitler with their military power. (appeasement policy). The League of Nations was completely ineffective.... Continue reading "Impact of WWII, Creation of United Nations, and Spanish Civil War" »

World War I: The Great War

Causes and Outbreak

World War I, known as the Great War in Britain, erupted in 1914 as a result of pre-existing alliances. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo triggered a chain of events. Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia, prompting Russia to mobilize in Serbia's defense. Germany, in turn, declared war on Russia and France. Britain, bound by treaty to France, joined the conflict.

First Phase (June 1914)

Despite declaring war on Germany, France and Britain initially refrained from attacking. Germany seized the initiative, executing the Schlieffen Plan. They invaded Belgium, intending to bypass French defenses and capture Paris.

Second Phase (Early 1916 - End 1917)

The war entered a phase... Continue reading "World War I: A Comprehensive Overview of the Great War" »

Causes of the American Revolution

• Organize Great Britain's new North American empire
• Stabilize relations with Native North Americans
• Stabilize land purchases on the western frontier

Major Events

• England passes series of taxes and laws designed to make Colonies pay for war. Colonies do not like this. Events like the Boston Massacre, and Boston Tea Party occur to protest the policies that are aimed at America.
• American colonist exchange fire with British troops at Lexington.
• Declaration of Independence.
• Treaty of Ghent ends war.

Short and Long Term Consequences

• ESTABLISHED MORE RIGHTS FOR FIRST NATIONS
• Ended war between Indians and settlers
• Formed alliance with French.

The Royal Proclamation: Answer in full sentences

1) What are the key aspects of the Royal

The French Revolution of 1789

C 1789: A Revolution Breaks Out

Goals of Theodore Roosevelt's Administration

• Spread democracy around the U.S. and the world
• Limit the power of big business
• Bring about a better government
• Help out the poor through government initiatives
• Increase government regulation

Theodore Roosevelt's Life

• Overcame asthma and became governor
• Elected as President
• Established national parks, wildlife preserves, and passed the Pure Food & Drug Act
• Limited power of big businesses

Events:

• The Compromise of 1850
• Uncle Tom's Cabin
• Dred Scott v. Stanford
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
• The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858
• Lincoln's Election as President 1860
• John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry
• Secession

Grant's Indian Policy

• Moved Indians onto reservations
• Assimilation - making them adapt to white culture and speaking

The League's Aims

The League of Nations was set up because President Wilson wanted this more than anything else.

He wanted the League to be a kind of ‘world parliament’, where nations would sort out their arguments.   He hoped this would stop wars.   But Wilson wanted to do more than just stop war; he wanted to make the world a better place.   He wanted the League to do things to improve people’s lives and jobs.   He wanted to improve public health, and to end slavery.

Wilson also hoped that the League would persuade the nations to agree to disarmament – to put down their weapons.   That would make war impossible.

Finally, Wilson thought that the League of Nations could enforce the Treaty of Versailles, and persuade... Continue reading "The main stages of cold war." »

Neoclassicism:

1770-1830

Return to the rules of Classical Antiquity (Greece and Rome).

The discovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum helps to make Antiquity fashionable.

It is a severe style, containment in forms (wants to get away from the Baroque and Rococo).

Jacques-Louis David: he was a great neoclassicism painter. He paints historical themes but linking with the political reality of the moment. He’s the painter of the French State and of Napoleon

The Arcs of Triumph of Napoleon: 3

After winning the battle of Austerlitz, he promised his soldiers that they would enter Paris under a triumphal arch as in the Roman Empire1806-36: works of the Arc de Triomphe • Incorporates decoration on the military victories of France • 1807-09: works of the Arc... Continue reading "Neoclassicism and Urban Reform in Europe" »