Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for History

Let me show you this well-known painting called “The young boy with fruit basket” which was painted by the famous Italian artist Caravaggio. This work of art dates from 1593 and belongs to the Baroque movement. To be more accurate, this masterpiece is one of the finest examples of the Italian Baroque movement. Currently, this piece can be admired at Borghese Gallery which is located in Rome, Italy. This painting depicts a handsome young boy who is sitting and at the same time he is holding a basket of bright and delicious fruits. This picture portrays an exquisite combination of different artistic influences as well as a great combination of dark and bright colours. The use of bright and dark colours is one of the most popular and important... Continue reading "The Young Boy with Fruit Basket: A Masterpiece of Italian Baroque Art" »

HUAC: The House Un-American Activities Committee

The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was formed to uncover citizens with Nazi ties within the United States. It also investigated allegations of communist activity in the US during the early years of the Cold War.

Arms Race: Military-Industrial Complex and Nuclear Power

Military-Industrial Complex: The US economy became dependent on military supplies production.

Nuclear Capabilities: Both the US and the USSR produced nuclear weapons to deter the other side from attacking. This led to the concept of MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction).

Korean War: A Nation Divided

• The US, with support from the UN, helped the capitalist South, pushing communists back to the border with China.
• China intervened,

Who is the winner?

Sexism was the winner.

It is clear by now that the United States was willing to open the doors of the White House to an African American, but not to a woman. A lot of racial wounds may have been healed during Barack Obama’s eight-year tenure, but gender wounds are still open and bleeding profusely. There is no other explanation for the fact that the same nation that was bold enough to give Obama a well-deserved opportunity in 2008 has now preferred an extravagant mogul without the necessary education or experience over the best-prepared candidate in the entire electoral history of the United States – one who also happens to be a woman.

Hillary Clinton managed 445,000 more votes than Trump, but not with the kind of distribution... Continue reading "Gender Inequality in US Politics: The Case of Hillary Clinton" »

Cadiz Courts: Provincial Juntas and Central Juntas

The Bayonne Abdications and the uprising against Joseph marked the end of the Old Regime and left the Spanish authority in disarray.

At that time, citizens rose to power through assemblies known as Provincial Juntas. These juntas were created in all the provinces to confront the French invaders. They assumed sovereignty in the name of the absent king, Ferdinand VII.

On the 8th of September, representatives from each Provincial Junta gathered to constitute the Central Junta (the highest organization at that moment). Although they initially supported the Old Regime, they eventually realized that revolutionary measures were necessary. Consequently, they called for the Cortes.

On the 24th of September,... Continue reading "The Impact of Cadiz Courts on Spanish Liberalism" »

1. Causes of the Demographic Revolution in Britain

Nutrition: Better nutrition made people more resistant to illness, thanks to advances in agriculture and improved diets.

Personal and Public Hygiene: People used soap and cotton clothes, had access to clean water, and streets were cleaner.

Public Health: In 1796, Edward Jenner invented the vaccine. New hospitals were built.

Epidemics: Fewer deaths occurred due to better nutrition, hygiene, and healthcare.

2. Factors Influencing the Demographic Revolution

Factors:

• Extensive markets
• Abundance of iron and coal
• New mentality

3. Industrial Revolutions

First Industrial Revolution

• Textile industry
• Railways
• Coal

Second Industrial Revolution

• Oil
• Large businesses

4. Social Classes

Higher Class

• Industrialists

Middle Class

• Tradesmen
• Army

Science and Technology Vocabulary

Astronomy and Space Exploration

Words

• Alien (adj/n): Extraterrestrial
• Antidepressant (n)
• Astronomer (n)
• Black Hole (n)
• Galaxy (n)
• Geologist (n)
• Gravity (n)
• Parallel Universe (n)
• Physicist (n)
• Telescope (n)

Phrases

• Remote: Lejano
• Set of Scales

Medicine and Health

Words

• Antibiotic (n)
• Cure (v)
• Disease (n): Enfermedad
• Doomed (a): Condenado
• Heal (v): Sanar
• Immune (adj)
• Implant (n/v)
• Organ Transplant (n)
• Painkiller (n): Analgesico
• Technician (n)
• Transplant (n/v)

Science Lab

Words

• Beaker (n): Vaso
• Calculator (n)
• Chemist (n)
• Experiment (n/v)
• Invent (v)
• Laboratory (n)
• Mathematician (n)
• Stuff (n): Cosa
• Test Tube (n)
• Thermometer (n)

Phrasal Verbs

• Carry out: Llevar a cabo
• Come up with: Presentar
• End up: Terminar
• Shut down: Apagar
• Take over: Tomar el control
• Turn out:

 Judiciary Act of 1789-established a federal district court in each state and three circuit courts to hear appeals from the districts,

3, The cultural legacy of the feudal system: pilgrimages and crusades.

Countries, Nationalities, and Languages

This table provides a list of countries, their corresponding nationalities, and the languages spoken in each country.