Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Modal Verbs

1. Vera might... That must be... Italian can’t be that difficult if you can learn it so quickly! The teacher can’t... Jackie must... Wait! That might...

2.

• You must have heard about the accident. It was in all the newspapers.
• You must have gone to bed late. You look really tired.
• You can’t have seen this film before. It has only been in the cinema for a couple of...
• I might have left my notebook.
• The teacher can’t have gone yet because...
• I missed a call this morning. It might have been Simon.

3.

• If we’d arrived earlier, we would have gotten better seats.
• I wouldn’t have made so many mistakes if I had revised more.
• If they had been more careful, the disaster would never have happened.
• If I had known you were in town, I would have

English Vocabulary & Passive Voice

Key Vocabulary Terms

• Overshadowed: opacado / ensombrecido
• Appropriateness: idoneidad
• Achieve success: alcanzamiento
• Knowledge: conocimiento
• Traits: rasgos
• Self-esteem: autoestima
• Main: principal
• Actually: en realidad / de hecho
• Understanding: comprensión / entendimiento
• Which: cuales / las cuales / el cual
• Self-development: autodesarrollo
• Skills: habilidades / destrezas
• Rate: ritmo / velocidad
• Mistakes: errores
• Sensitivity: sensibilidad
• Agreement: acuerdo
• Aptitude: aptitud
• Able: capaz
• Worth: valer la pena

Rewrite Sentences Using Passive Voice

Rewrite these sentences using the passive voice.

1. In Britain today most people read newspapers online.

   In Britain today, newspapers are read online by most people.

2. Colourful leaflets advertise

Two years ago, I met again with a girl named Maite. Maite and I had been friends since we were little. We met in Barcelona, specifically in the Ramblas of Plaza Cataluña. She used to live here, in La Llagosta, but due to family problems, she had to move to France.

When we met, it was very strange because we didn't know how to react by simply saying hello or hugging each other. When we saw each other, we quickly went towards each other and hugged each other very tightly. It had been two years since we had seen or spoken to each other. We had completely lost touch. We started talking, and I told her that there were times when I talked to her, but she didn't get the messages and she told me that she had changed her cell phone and lost all of her... Continue reading "Reconnecting with Old Friends: Stories of Friendship and Change" »

Fitness Instructor Job Application

I am writing to apply for the position of Fitness Instructor, as advertised on the InfoJobs website. This is a perfect role for me; it is attractive work, and my experience and motivation are the perfect complement.

My work experience at iFitness improved my leadership skills, communication skills, and ability to work in a team environment. I have fluent spoken and written English. I also have fluent spoken and written German and can therefore work in Hamburg. Currently, I am studying Sports and Personal Training at the University of Las Palmas, graduating in 2016. Relevant subjects I am studying include High-Intensity Training and Personal Training for football players.

Personal Letter to Parents

Dear Mum and... Continue reading "Professional Fitness Instructor Application and Personal Updates" »

Essential English Irregular Verbs

Here's a list of common irregular verbs in English to help you improve your grammar and vocabulary:

• B:
  • be - was/were - been (ser/estar)
  • beat - beat - beaten (golpear)
  • become - became - become (convertirse)
  • begin - began - begun (empezar)
  • bend - bent - bent (doblar)
  • bet - bet - bet (apostar)
  • bite - bit - bitten (morder)
  • bleed - bled - bled (sangrar)
  • blow - blew - blown (soplar)
  • break - broke - broken (romper)
  • bring - brought - brought (traer)
  • build - built - built (construir)
  • burn - burnt - burnt (quemar)
  • buy - bought - bought (comprar)
• C:
  • catch - caught - caught (coger)
  • choose - chose - chosen (elegir)
  • come - came - come (venir)
  • cost - cost - cost (costar)
  • cut - cut - cut (cortar)
• D:
  • dig - dug - dug (cavar)
  • do - did - done (hacer)
  • draw

Choosing the Right Career Path

Facts and Considerations

1. True: Choosing a career path is often a confusing and stressful experience.
2. True: You can begin by choosing a career that fits well with your skills.

Common Questions

1. Why is it difficult? It's challenging because, without experience, you don't know what a job truly involves, and careers can be unpredictable.
2. What should you look for? You should aim for a career you are good at and one that you will genuinely want to do.

Key Vocabulary

• Confusing
• Fits
• Reach
• Venture

Sentence Fragments and Answers

1. are motivated
2. best, have ever read
3. for, about
4. where
5. to choose a job she loved

Navigating the January Sales

Facts and Considerations

1. True: Consumers who visit shops are rewarded with discounts of up to 80%.
2. True: Online

Should People Stop Eating Meat?

How to Write an Informal Email

1. The Greeting

Begin your email or letter with a friendly greeting. Examples include: Hi, Hi there, Hiya, or Dear [Name].

2. Introduction and Responding

Ask about your friend's health, thank them for their previous message, and mention the reason for writing. Useful phrases include:

• Thanks for your letter/email.
• It's great to hear from you!
• Sorry it's taken me so long to reply.

3. The Body

Write two or three short paragraphs covering the main subjects of your email.

4. Conclusion and Closing

Include your closing remarks and a sign-off.

• Closing remarks: Lots of love to you and your family, Hope everyone's doing well, Say "hi" to [Name] for me!
• Sign-offs: Bye for now, Write soon, See you soon, Call me, Take care, Love from,

Mastering English Irregular Verbs (A-L)

This comprehensive list provides essential irregular verbs from A to L, detailing the Spanish meaning alongside the three core English forms: Infinitive, Past Simple, and Past Participle. Use this resource to improve your conjugation accuracy.

Irregular Verb Forms Reference

• Spanish Meaning | Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle

Verbs Starting with B

• Ser: be | was/were | been
• Hacerse: become | became | become
• Empezar: begin | began | begun
• Picar: bite | bit | bitten
• Romper: break | broke | broken
• Traer: bring | brought | brought
• Construir: build | built | built
• Comprar: buy | bought | bought

Verbs Starting with C

• Poder: can | could | (Modal verb)
• Coger: catch | caught | caught
• Escoger: choose | chose | chosen
• Venir: