Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Dear Mr Jones.

BEAT-BEAT-BEATEN-JO----------BEND-BENT-BENT-TOLESTU

BET-BET-BET-APOSTU EGIN------------BITE-BIT-BITTEN-HOZKA EGIN

BLEED-BLED-BLED-ODOLA JARIO----------BLOW-BLEW-BLOWN-APUTU

BREAK-BROKE-BROKEN-APURTU----BRING-BROUGHT-BROUGHT-EKARRI

BUILD-BUILT-BUILT-ERAIKI-----------BURN-BURNT/BURNTED- == -ERRE

BUY-BOUGHT-BOUGHT-EROSI----------CATCH-CAUGHT-CAUGHT-HARTU

CHOOSE-CHOSE-CHOSE-AUKERATU------------COME-CAME-COME-ETORRI

COST-COST-COST-KOSTATU------------CUT-CUT-CUT-MOZTU

DIG-DUG-DUG-AITZURTU------DO-DID-DONE-EGIN

DRAW-DREW-DRAWN-MARRAZTU-------DREAM-DREAMT/DREAMED-==-

DRINK-DRANK-DRUNK-EDAN--------DRIVE-DROVE-DRIVEN-GIDATU

EAT-ATE-EATEN-------FALL-FELL-FALLEN-ERORI------FEED-FED-FED-ELIKATU

FEEL-FELT-FELT-SENTITU--------FIGHT-FOUGHT-FOUGHT-BORROKATU

FIND-FOUND-FOUND-... Continue reading "Irregular Verbs in English: Past Simple and Past Participle Forms" »

Zoos: Conservation vs. Animal Welfare

Historically, zoos have evolved significantly. While past practices included exhibiting humans, modern zoos focus solely on wild animals, particularly those endangered. But is this modern approach truly beneficial?

Arguments exist both for and against the concept of zoos:

• Against: Critics argue that keeping animals in captivity, often in limited spaces, is inherently cruel and unnatural.
• For: Proponents highlight that zoos protect many exotic and endangered species from threats like poaching. They also offer the public a chance to see these animals, fostering appreciation and support for conservation efforts. Without zoos, seeing many species alive might be impossible for most people.

In my opinion, contemporary... Continue reading "Reflections on Zoos, Security, and Skiing" »

Introduction

Generally, the essay introduces three of Poe's theories regarding literature. The author recounts this idealized process by which he says he wrote his most famous poem, 'The Raven' to illustrate the theory, which is in deliberate contrast to the 'spontaneous creation' explanation put forth, for example, by Coleridge as an explanation for his poem Kubla Khan. Poe's explanation of the process of writing is so rigidly logical, however, that some have suggested the essay was meant as a satire or hoax.

Poe's Philosophy of Composition

The three central elements of Poe's philosophy of composition are:

• Length: Poe believed that all literary works should be short. 'There is', he writes, 'a distinct limit... to all works of literary art - the

A Harrowing Beach Trip

The trip was on a Saturday morning. It took us very long, and we were heading to the beach to spend a weekend. I went with my friends and my girlfriend. That Saturday was the worst in my life. The day started barely. We found a traffic jam, many cars stopped and we could not advance. People started to get out of their cars and started to argue about stupid things. I was afraid to get out and I didn't get off my car when suddenly a man approached my car and hit it. He punched the glass of the car. A friend of mine went out of the car and pushed the man. He threw him to the ground and hit his head against the ground. When he started bleeding, we started the car and we went to the beach, frightened.

We swam quietly on the... Continue reading "A Harrowing Beach Trip: A Story of Road Rage and Fear" »

Words about Money

251. AFFLUENT – wealthy, having an abundance of money. We laughed at our teacher’s statement that she was fluent in French and affluent in China, where the U.S. dollar can buy a lot.

252. AVARICE – greed, desire to get something. Scrooge McDuck is noted for his avarice; he is always scheming to get even more money.

253. CUPIDITY – greed for gain, inordinate desire to appropriate another’s wealth or possessions. We were astounded by the cupidity of the woman who compromised her integrity and reputation just for the sake of getting more money.

254. DESTITUTE – without resources, in poverty. The treasure hunter bemoaned the fact that the sunken ship he spent millions to find had been transporting worthless musical instruments,... Continue reading "Words About Money: Definitions and Examples" »

1. The following sentences do not make sense. Correct them by replacing each word in bold with a word in bold from a different sentence.

1. I signed the contract yesterday.
2. Go overseas to help yourself to some cake.
3. There was nothing unusual about the performance. It was very ordinary.
4. Mike has been to many different countries. He has travelled worldwide.
5. I like to go overseas to remote places.
6. The meal was very satisfying. I am full.
7. My best friend lives nearby, so I can walk to her house.
8. My friends and I traded clothes with each other.

2. Replace the words in bold by forming a new word with a prefix. Then add a sentence that reflects the meaning of the first sentence.

1. I think your idea is impossible. It won't work.
2. I dislike this hotel. It hasn't got

Conditionals

0 Conditional

if + Present Simple + Present Simple

Situations that are always true or happen repeatedly.

1st Conditional

if + Present Simple + will (verb)

Describes what happens if a condition is met.

2nd Conditional

if + Past Simple + would (verb)

Imaginary future situations, hypothetical cases, unlikely events.

3rd Conditional

If + Past Perfect, would have + Past Participle

Impossible conditions as they refer to the past.

The Passive Voice

Present Simple: The waiter serves the customers (A) --> The customers are served by the waiter (P)

Present Continuous: ...is serving... --> ...are being served...

Past Simple: ...served... --> ...were served...

Past Continuous: ...was serving... --> ...were being served...

Present Perfect Simple:

Social Interactions: Participants and Occasions

Participants in Social Events:

Takes part in:

1. Acquaintances (ezagunak)
   • a. Blind date 1, 12, 13
2. Business associates (socios)
   • b. Business meeting 2, 3
   • c. Celebration meal 2, 3, 6, 7, 11
   • l. Conference call 2, 3
   • m. Social-networking site 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 13
3. Clients
   • b. Business meeting 2, 3
   • c. Celebration meal 2, 3, 6, 7, 11
   • l. Conference call 2, 3
   • m. Social-networking site 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 13
4. Delegates (politikoak)
   • d. Conference 2, 3, 4, 9, 10
5. Ex-classmates
   • e. Dating website 12, 13
   • j. School reunion 5, 6
   • m. Social-networking site 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 13
6. Friends
   • c. Celebration meal 2, 3, 6, 7, 11
   • f. Dinner party 6, 7, 11
   • i. Housewarming party 6, 7, 8, 11
   • j. School reunion 5, 6
7. Guests (gonbidatuak)
   • c. Celebration meal 2, 3, 6, 7, 11
   • f.