Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

English Exercises and Corrections

Key: C, T (2-3), F (7-8), T (10-11), F (15-17). Camouflaged, pastime, fortnight, rest...

Sentences B1–B6

1. B1. It was impossible to finish the assignment on time.
2. B2. He will not keep his business open unless the economy improves.
3. B3. The Welsh language must be studied by children in Wales.
4. B4. What do you enjoy doing in your free time?
5. B5. Tom suggested that I should listen to the weather forecast before going on a hike.
6. B6. By the end of the week, we will have bought a car.

Exercise 1: Sentences and Future Perfects

1. 1a) I have not seen Brian for three months.
2. 1b) Fashions will have changed by the time you are older.

Exercise 2: Relative Clauses

1. 2a) A Danish runner whom I know has broken the record.
2. 2b) The business which

PASSIVE VOICE

Tense Forms

Present: is/are + past participle

Past: was/were + past participle

Future: will be + past participle

Present Perfect: have/has been + past participle

Modal + BE + past participle

Modals

Expressing Ability and Possibility

can, can't, could, will be able to

Giving Advice

should, shouldn't

Expressing Obligation and Prohibition

must, have to, mustn't

Future Forms

Going to: Plans or clear evidence

Present Continuous: Future plans already made

Will: Predictions, spontaneous decisions, promises

MAKING ARRANGEMENTS

Asking to Meet

Are you available/free on ...?

Can we meet on ...?

How does the 3rd sound to you?

Would Friday suit you?

Is next Tuesday convenient for you?

What about sometime next ....?

Responding to Meeting Requests

Yes, Monday is fine.... Continue reading "English Grammar Essentials: Tenses, Modals, and More" »

The novel ‘The Outsiders,’ written by S.E. Hinton, successfully portrays the complex challenges teenagers’ face within their family relationships. Through the reserved and troubled character Johnny Cade, Hinton employs nuanced characterisation, fitting setting, and deliberate usage of language features to reveal the emotional turmoil and resilience inherent in adolescent family dynamics. The novel ultimately offers a powerful portrayal of navigating through teenage relationships with family, and shows the struggle and hardship of family relationships.

The novel captures the difficulties of family relationships by portraying the character Johnny overcoming family by connecting with his friends. From the outset, Johnny is depicted as quiet... Continue reading "Expedite the economic, cultural and social development of ACP States" »

Effective Connectors for Opinion Essays

To express your opinion, you can use expressions such as in my opinion, from my point of view, I believe that, I strongly think that, or it seems to me that. These help you clearly introduce your personal stance.

Adding and Organizing Ideas

To add ideas, it is useful to include connectors like firstly, secondly, moreover, furthermore, in addition, and besides, which allow you to organize your arguments in a logical way.

Reinforcing Your Argument

When you want to reinforce your opinion, you can use expressions such as in fact, clearly, obviously, or indeed, making your argument stronger and more convincing.

Providing Examples and Clarification

To give examples, you can include for example, for instance, or such

Essential Vocabulary List: A-Z

1. Adulation – Excessive flattery.
2. Assert – To state a fact.
3. Befall – To have something bad happen to someone.
4. Burgeon – To begin to grow rapidly.
5. Contract – A written or spoken agreement.
6. Cumbersome – Large, heavy, or difficult to carry.
7. Demean – To cause a severe loss of dignity.
8. Digress – To leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing.
9. Eminent – Famous or respected within a specific sphere.
10. Engross – To absorb all the attention or interest.
11. Facilitate – To make an action easy or easier.
12. Fastidious – Very attentive to accurate details.
13. Generalize – To make a broad statement by inferring from specific cases.
14. Grandeur – Splendor.
15. Hitherto – Until now.
16. Hypothetical – Supposed but not necessarily

I. Reading: Saving Lives

1. What is Albert’s job?

Albert is a lifeguard.

2. How long has he been a lifeguard?

He has worked as a lifeguard for 4 years.

3. What are his work hours?

He works from 9 to 5.

4. Does he work only during the week?

No, he doesn't. He also works on Saturdays and two Sundays a month.

5. How many Sundays a month does he work?

He works two Sundays a month.

6. What are his duties at work?

His duties are to keep people safe and give advice to keep people free from being assaulted, injured, or sunburned.

7. What do Albert’s friends think of this job?

They think he should quit and take the opportunity to rest and go out during the weekend.

II. Use of English

a. Put the words in the correct order

• 1. Has your boyfriend ever been skiing in

1. The Benefits of Adopting a Pet

Nowadays, many people wonder if it is better to adopt or buy a pet. In my opinion, adopting is the best option.

My main reasons for this are:

• Saving lives: There are many abandoned dogs and other animals in shelters waiting for a loving home. By adopting, you give them a second chance at life.
• Ethical concerns: We should not support businesses that profit from selling animals. It is unfair to treat animals like products, as they are living beings with feelings.

Furthermore, pets are great companions. They bring joy, help reduce stress, and create strong bonds with their owners. Adopting not only changes the animal’s life but also brings happiness to the owner.

To sum up, I strongly believe that adopting is a kind... Continue reading "Why Adopting Pets, Limiting Phones, and Playing Sports Matter" »

Today, many people talk about whether mobile phones are good or bad for students. In my opinion, mobile phones can be very helpful for students if they use them in a good way.

First of all, mobile phones help students find information quickly. They can use the internet to search for school topics, watch videos, or use apps to learn. For example, they can find answers to questions or practice English vocabulary. This helps them study better and learn more easily.

Another reason is that mobile phones help students talk to their teachers and classmates. They can send messages to ask questions or check homework. Also, phones have calendars and reminders that help students remember important things like exams or projects. This helps them stay organized.... Continue reading "The Impact of Mobile Phones and School Uniforms on Students" »

Zero Conditional

Verdad absoluta: If it snows, it is cold.
Snows: present simple, is: present simple

First Conditional

Probabilidad (Unless: si no)
If I eat too much, I will get fatter.
Present simple, future

Second Conditional

Improbable (unlikely)
If I won the lottery, I wouldn't travel around.
Past simple, wouldn't + infinitive.

Third Conditional

Imposible
If I had studied, I would have passed.
Would have + past participle, past perfect