Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Answerable to

(tapescript) Responsible to

Apprentice

Someone who works for a skilled employer for a fixed period in return for being taught the skills necessary for that job.

Bargaining

Discussing prices, etc. to get a result that is to your own advantage.

Candidate

Person who applies for a job or wants to be elected to a particular position.

Carpenter

Person whose job is making or repairing wooden things.

Chambermaids

Women whose job it is to clean and tidy hotel bedrooms.

Clientele

Group of customers or guests.

Comes Under the Remit of

(tapescript) Is the responsibility of.

Command of

Knowledge of.

Courteous

Polite.

Day-to-Day

Planning for only one day at a time.

Dealings with sb

(tapescript) Relations with sb, especially in business.

Delegates

People who have been... Continue reading "Essential Hotel Management Vocabulary" »

Hotel Booking and Room Management

• 48-hour release: A system by which rooms have to be claimed or sold 48 hours (two days) before.
• Allocation: The amount given for a particular purpose (hence Allocation Holder).
• Availability chart: A chart which indicates the number of rooms that can be sold for a particular period.
• Free sale agents: People or organizations which sell rooms on behalf of a hotel, but without the need to check if rooms are available.
• Room rate: A fixed amount at which a room in a hotel is charged.

Financial and Payment Terminology

• Bill: A piece of paper which shows how much money you owe for goods and services; in the US, a money note.
• Calculate: To find an answer by using numbers.
• Cash: Money in the form of coins and notes.
• Cheque: A special

Rhetorical Schemes of Repetition

• Anaphora (repetition of the same group of words at the beginning of clauses): Exercise builds stamina in young children; exercise builds stamina in teenagers and young adults; exercise builds stamina in older adults and senior citizens.
• Epistrophe (repetition of the same group of words at the end of successive clauses): To become a top-notch player, I thought like an athlete, I trained like an athlete, I ate like an athlete.
• Anadiplosis (repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause): Mental preparation leads to training; training builds muscle tone and coordination; muscle tone and coordination, combined with focused thinking, produce athletic excellence.
• Climax (repetition

Relatively Prime

When the greatest common factor of two numbers is 1

Rational Number

Any number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers

Reciprocal

One of two numbers whose product is 1, also called multiplicative inverse

Relation

A set of ordered pairs

X Coordinate

The first number in an ordered pair; it tells the distance to move right or left from the origin (0,0)

Y Coordinate

The second number in an ordered pair; it tells the distance to move up or down from the origin (0,0)

X Axis

The horizontal axis on a coordinate plane

Y Axis

The vertical axis on a coordinate plane

Coordinate Plane

A plane formed by the intersection of a horizontal line (the x-axis) and a vertical line (the y-axis)

Vertical Line Test

A method for seeing if a graph represents a... Continue reading "Math Terminology: Definitions and Examples" »

Scene: A Restaurant

David: Sorry, ladies. Your entrees are here; the main course will be served later so it doesn't cool down.

Claudia: Thank you, very kind.

David: A pleasure.

Miriam: How good is the food! The truth is that it's worth spending a bit more money and eating well.

Claudia: The truth is that, at the moment, I love everything.

David: Ladies, may I clear the entrees and serve the main course?

Miriam: Of course.

Claudia: Here you are.

David: Here are your hamburgers. Could you please cut into the meat to see if it is cooked to your liking?

Claudia: It's perfect.

Miriam: Perfect, thank you very much.

Claudia: My goodness! I'm full. I don't know if I'll be able to manage dessert.

Miriam: I am the same; this eating well is not my thing.

Ordering Dessert

David:

Catching Up Over Lunch

Miriam: Hi Claudia, how are you? I haven't seen you in a long time.

Claudia: I know! I’m fine, and you?

Miriam: I am fine, but I have a lot of work and I'm taking care of the children—it's non-stop!

Claudia: Oh yes, I can imagine. How’s little Nerea?

Miriam: She is so big now. Look how time flies. (She shows her a photo.)

Claudia: She is beautiful.

Arrival and Ordering Drinks

David: Welcome to New York Burger. My name is David, and I'll be your waiter. How many people are there?

Claudia: Table for two, please.

David: All right, come with me this way. (They sit at a table.)

Miriam: Thank you very much.

David: (He leaves the menu card on the table.) Do you want something to drink while you decide what you want to eat?

Claudia:

COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING (CLL)

Who Invented It?

Charles A. Curran

How Is It Carried Out?

A group of learners sits in a circle with the teacher standing outside the circle. A student whispers a message in their native language to the teacher. The teacher translates it into the foreign language. The student repeats the message in the foreign language. Students then compose further messages in the foreign language.

What Are the Five Stages in CLL?

1. Birth Stage: A feeling of security and belonging is established.
2. The learner's abilities improve.
3. The learner speaks independently and may need to assert his or her own identity.
4. The learner is seen as secure enough to take criticism.
5. The learner works upon improving style and knowledge.

When Is CLL Used?

It... Continue reading "Overview of Language Teaching Methods" »

What is FMEA?

FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) is a methodology aimed at achieving Quality Assurance. Through systematic analysis, it contributes to the identification and prevention of failure modes for both products and processes/services. It is a tool that systematically investigates the potentially weak points of products, processes, and services, quantifying and evaluating their risk of failure.

Objectives of FMEA

• Customer satisfaction
• Introduce the philosophy of prevention to companies
• Analyze the effects and failures that may affect a product or process
• Stipulate the means and procedures for each failure mode, and assign a method of detection for each failure
• Adopt corrective and preventive actions

Types of FMEA

Design FMEA

The study of... Continue reading "FMEA Essentials: Prevent Failures & Enhance Quality" »

Quantifiers and Question Tags Rules

Quantifiers (Context)

• Some: Used in positive statements.
• Any: Used in negative statements or questions.
• Something / Someone / Somewhere: Used in positive contexts.
• Anything / Anyone / Anywhere: Used in negative contexts.

Question Tag Examples

• He likes [it], doesn’t he? (Positive statement, negative tag)
• [She] ran [fast], didn’t she? (Past simple example)
• [They] have been [working], haven't they? (Correcting polarity for 'Have been...')
• I’m [tired], aren't I? (Special case for 'I am')
• Imperative: [Close the door], will you?

Common English False Friends (Falsos Amigos)

This section highlights common words that sound similar in English and Spanish but have different meanings.

• Actually (De hecho) / Actualmente (Nowadays)

Key Vocabulary and Phrases

Phrasal Verbs

• build up: construir / desarrollar
• carry on: continuar
• get out of: salir de (un lugar) / evitar
• get over: superar
• hook up: enganchar / conectar
• join in: unirse
• let someone down: decepcionar a alguien
• live on: vivir con / subsistir con
• set up: configurar / establecer

General Terms & Concepts

• handle: encargarse de / manejar
• overwhelmed: abrumado
• reassurance: consuelo / tranquilidad
• well-being: bienestar

Idioms Related to Emotions & Conflict

• cool it: tranquilizarse
• blow your top: enojarse mucho / perder los estribos
• defuse a situation: calmar la situación
• fly off the handle: perder los estribos
• see red: enojarse mucho
• give someone a piece of your mind: regañar a alguien / decirle lo que piensas
• keep the peace: mantener