Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

English-Spanish Phrases, Vocabulary and Practice Questions

Dream Symbols and Meanings

• If you dream that you are at a party, you are going to be very busy.
• If you dream that you are drinking champagne, you'll be successful.
• If you dream about flowers, you are feeling positive about the future.
• If you dream that somebody is playing the violin, you want some romance in your life.
• If you dream about an owl, you need to ask an older person for help.
• If you dream that you have cold feet, the person you love doesn't love you.

Travel and Car Vocabulary (English — Spanish)

• hatchback: utilitario
• ever: alguna vez
• drop: caer (to drop: dejar caer)
• thief: ladrón
• dashboard: salpicadero
• although: aunque
• traffic jam: atasco
• cheer up! ¡alegrar!
• lever: palanca
• perhaps: quizás
• check-

Fundamental Statistical Concepts

Estimates and Population Values

Estimates are statistics collected from samples and used to describe population values.

Scales of Measurement

Understanding the different scales of measurement is crucial for data analysis:

• Nominal Scale of Measurement: This is the simplest form of measurement, used when the dependent variable is qualitative. It categorizes data based on the name of some physical or psychological quality or characteristic rather than a numerical score.
• Ordinal Scale of Measurement: This is the simplest quantitative scale used to measure the dependent variable. Data are ranked in some order (such as highest to lowest, biggest to smallest, most important to least important), but it does not measure the

Statistics is a branch of applied Mathematics that uses numbers to describe and analyze data collected by Research scientists.

A Scientific hypothesis is a possible Explanation for the behavior that will be studied that is stated in the form of A prediction.  It is based on gathered Facts and theories from previous studies.  It must be testable and stated in a way that it can be falsified.

Null hypothesis is one of the two mutually Exclusive hypotheses that predicts there will be no relationship or change in Behavior(s) among the group(s) being measured, no sirve.

Research hypothesis is one of the two Mutually exclusive hypotheses that predicts there will be a relationship or Change in the behavior(s) measured.  
Variables are events or qualities... Continue reading "Climbing at constant" »

Alternators and Generators

1. Alternators vs. DC Generators

Alternators produce a usable voltage level at lower RPMs than DC generators because alternators have more field poles.

2. Delta Wound Three-Phase Alternator Stator

The windings wired in relation to each other in a delta-wound three-phase alternator stator are in series.

3. Generator Output

Generator output is expressed in the number of amps at rated voltage.

4. AC 43.13 Electrical System Design

The AC 43.13 suggests that the electrical system of an aircraft be designed so that when all systems are operating, no more than 80% of generator capacity can be exceeded.

5. Reverse Current Cutout Relay

The main function of a reverse current cutout relay in a generator system is preventing motoring of... Continue reading "Aircraft Electrical Systems" »

1. Grice’s Cooperative Principle: Flouting Maxims

Dialogue:

• A: Do you know where Mike is?
• B: There is a yellow BMW (Pragmatic presupposition: Mike owns a yellow BMW) outside Sue’s house. (Implicature: Mike is at Sue’s house).

This dialogue exemplifies the flouting of maxims. Flouting occurs when a speaker intends to communicate despite an apparent lack of cooperation. The speaker assumes the listener will use context to grasp the additional information intended beyond the literal utterance.

2. Analyzing Misunderstandings

Dialogue:

• A: I’d have some coffee, Daphne... Daphne?
• B: Er, Daph, this is Joe de Carlo. Joe, this is Daphne, she helps me here.
• C: Smells great. Colombian?
• D: (Laughs) No, English. (Realizes). The coffee is Costa Rican.
• C: Thanks.

**That's a Real Point in Favor of a Working Mother**

And this is very well-paid. My schedule is much more flexible than in some of the larger accounting firms.

**I'm a Public Employee and Work for the Board**

I'm in a department with eight others. Our job is to attract investment to the area. I love the teamwork.

**This is the Most Stimulating Work I've Ever Had**

In addition, my work is very secure. I'm happier in my job than most of the people I know.

**When I'm Not at Work, I Spend All My Time with My Children**

Allow me to say a few words about myself. I was born in the United States and now work on the West Coast.

**I Love to Go Back to My Hometown Whenever I Can**

I really miss my family. I grew up in the North of England, but my family moved

Finding Joy in Your Work

Happiness at Work

If you want to be happy at work, remember that all problems can be solved.

Another way to be happy is to enrich your work environment with photos and flowers.

Working Conditions

Builders have worse working conditions than bankers.

Job Satisfaction

I love developing new products. It's the most fascinating job in the company.

Information technology specialists are slightly happier than real estate agents.

Legal Profession

I am a lawyer specializing in real estate law. My work is always interesting.

I handle all the legal work related to the sale of buildings and land.

I work 60 hours a week and sometimes get very stressed, but I'm happy most of the time.

Fitness Industry

I am a personal trainer. I love this job because

Common Fabrics and Materials

Textiles and Clothing Fabrics

• Terciopelo (Velvet): Gloves, dresses, costumes, and scarves.
• Seda (Silk): Scarves, bed sheets, and handkerchiefs.
• Cotele (Corduroy): Pants, coats, vests, and scarves.
• Lana (Wool): Caps, vests, dresses, and scarves.
• Algodón (Cotton): Vests, jackets, pants, and shirts.
• Lino (Linen): Tablecloths, bedspreads, and shawls.
• Poliéster (Polyester): Bags, coats, hoodies, socks, and jackets.

Durable and Industrial Materials

• Cuero (Leather): Jackets, suits, bags, sneakers, wallets, and shirts.
• Goma (Rubber): Boots, jackets, ponchos, and gloves.
• Plástico (Plastic): Pens, bottles, toys, and boots.
• Gamuza (Suede): Sneakers, boots, belts, and bags.
• Acero (Steel): Screws, chairs, sculptures, and bowls.
• Papel (Paper)

Biscay Mines: Workers' Demands and the End of Quarters

Workers of Biscay mines named a commission to require public authorities to end quarters and compulsory shops. Their reasons included broken promises from bosses regarding the closing down of compulsory shops and quarters taken during the 1890 strike. They also argued that this situation went against the liberal spirit of the century, which favored individual freedom and freedom of work.

The miners threatened to go on strike if the government didn't accept their petitions.

The Restoration System at the End of the Century

At the end of the century, the Restoration system was set up, rooted in the 1876 Constitution. This system presented itself as the only one that could guarantee social peace... Continue reading "Biscay Mines: Workers' Rights, Strikes, and Industrialization" »

The Political, Economic, and Legal Environment

Political System Definitions

• Democracy: Characterized by freedom of opinion, regular elections, an independent court system, and a relatively non-political bureaucracy and defense infrastructure.
• Totalitarianism: Includes communism, theocratic totalitarianism, and secular totalitarianism.

Economic System Types

• Market-Driven Economy: Based on private ownership, where goods and services are allocated based on consumer demand.
• Centrally Planned Economy: Based on public ownership, where goods and services are allocated based on a plan formulated by a committee.
• Mixed Economies: Feature both privately-owned and government-owned commercial entities. The government usually owns utilities.

Economic Integration