Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teaching & Education

Should Teachers Worry if VYL Students Understand but Speak Little English?

No. If students are very young learners (VYLs), limited speaking is normal. It's a phase in language acquisition. Teachers can encourage speaking as students get older.

Why Are Top-Down Listening Skills Difficult for VYLs?

Top-down listening skills are harder to develop because VYLs typically learn English through a bottom-up approach (lexical recognition). They don't spontaneously use mental schemata and prediction skills due to limited experience and knowledge.

Features of Effective Teacher Talk with VYLs

• Eliciting, recasting, repeating
• Effective voice modulation: chunking, intonation, stress
• Grading language appropriately
• Engaging voice
• Using supporting gestures, visuals,

Marketing and Public Relations Terms

Celebrity Endorsement

Celebrity endorsement is the process where a famous person publicly uses, recommends, or is otherwise associated with a particular brand.

Demographic

A demographic is a part of a population that can be treated as a group for marketing purposes, defined by factors such as age or income.

Endorsement

An endorsement is a statement made by a famous or important person saying that they use and like a particular product.

Information Sheet

An information sheet is a piece of paper giving details about an item, usually a product.

Press Release

A press release is a written statement that gives information to be broadcast or published.

Press Kit

A press kit is a pre-packaged set of promotional materials distributed... Continue reading "Marketing Terms: Celebrity Endorsement & PR" »

Robert F. Kennedy

Robert F. Kennedy was the younger brother of John F. Kennedy, who served as president from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. As Attorney General, Robert Kennedy was a strong supporter of the civil rights movement. In April 1968, while running his own campaign for president, he gave this eulogy on the evening of King's assassination. Just two months later, Robert Kennedy was himself killed by an assassin's bullet.

April 4, 1968

Strategic Organization

Management Department: Marketing Communication, Human Resources, Financial Department.

Operations: Manager, Lounge, Kitchen, and Purchases.

Operations Area Organization Chart Example

Operations: Food & Beverage Director > Chef de Cuisine > Sous Chef > Asst. Chef de Partie; Bakery and Cook.

Asst. F&B Manager; Restaurant & Bar Manager; Banquet Manager; Chief Steward. (These are the three main roles, each of which leads to lower-level positions.)

Self-Assessment of Capabilities

Autodiagnosis: Self-evaluate your skills in sales, languages, taking orders, wine service, coffee machine operation, carrying trays, table setting, etc.

People Management

Dirección de Personas: Planning, Selection, Integration, Training,... Continue reading "Restaurant Operations and Financial Management" »

TEAM WORK

TEAM WORK: Can you imagine a school that works with a team work system? Well, I can. Today, in the school there is a new way of teaching where school goals are decided among all teachers. In this way students get better results.

Benefits of Cooperative Learning

First of all, I think is great idea replacing the old ways of teaching for cooperative work system. Cooperative learning is presented as one of the tools that starts and develops the transmission of these essential values for life in society.

Cooperative learning promotes coexistence from accepting differences, while remaining a powerful integration tool, understanding and inclusion, along with a methodology which seeks to ensure quality learning. In this method working with projects... Continue reading "Benefits of Cooperative Learning in Schools" »

Here......There, This......That, these.....Those, now.......Then, next week......The following Week, today.......That day, tonight.......That night, tomorrow.......The Following day, yesterday......The day before, last week.......The week before.

Vocabulary: PR involves building good relationships with all the stakeholders in an Organisation. The best PR strategies are based on effective relationship Marketing. In Asia there is a long tradition of this kind of approach to business, but it is important to develop transparency and integrity. This means Not only openness, but also accountability, which means taking responsibility For decisions. A further dimension to effective PR is a commitment to ethical Standards, which includes a continual... Continue reading "Is there juristification for any business to be excused and ethical responsibility" »

How Students Should Prepare and Deliver a Group Presentation

What Should Be Taken into Account Regarding Language in Academic Writing and Presentation/Layout?

• Impersonal, linking words, formal, terminology
• Grammar: passive, punctuation, prepositions, tenses, word forms, articles
• Presentation/layout: Font, size, spacing, cover page, page numbers
• Reference list on a separate page

What is Communication Apprehension and What Are Its Symptoms?

• Fear/anxiety of speaking in public: physiological reaction (‘thinking brain ‘off’; brain stem ‘on’; release of hormones, adrenalin; become more instinctive and less rational)
• Speech anxiety: fear before an event
• Stage fright: fear when in the communicative situation
• Symptoms: body temp. rises, sweating, butterflies

This document provides a set of SQL queries designed to help database administrators understand and manage user, role, and object privileges within an Oracle database. These hierarchical queries leverage Oracle's data dictionary views to visualize complex privilege structures.

1. Querying User Roles and Privileges Hierarchy

This query displays the roles and system privileges granted to a specific user, including roles granted to other roles, forming a complete hierarchy. It helps in understanding the effective privileges of a user.

Query Purpose:

• Trace all roles and system privileges inherited by a specified user.
• Visualize the hierarchical structure of roles.

SQL Code:

select
  lpad(' ', 2*level) || granted_role "User, their Roles and Privileges"