Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

Part One: Radio Silent Morning Schedule

You are going to hear a radio announcer giving information about the morning's programmes on a local radio station, Radio Silent. As you listen, choose the best way to fill in the missing information in the following summary. Mark A, B, or C on your answer sheet.

The Morning's Radio Programmes

• 8:00 (1) __________

  1. National news
  2. Local news
  3. Financial news

• 8:10 Weather Forecast

• 8:15 Start the Day – with David Humphrey talking about (2) __________

  1. His book on the Queen
  2. A musician
  3. The environmental conference in Japan

• (3) __________ Round the Centre – A look at Bournemouth’s new Convention Centre

  1. 9:10
  2. 9:20
  3. 9:30

• 10:00 Your Choice – with (4) __________, local news, and comments

  1. Travel information
  2. Interviews
  3. Music

• 10:45 The

According to economic theory, under what assumption is the existence of a natural monopoly efficient?

R. It exists when a market is provided in the cheapest and most efficient way by a single company with decreasing costs.

In this market structure there is only one buyer and one or more suppliers.

R. Monopsony

PART III

El concepto de Agente Económico ha sido debatido constantemente en el campo de competencia económica, si bien la definición de la Ley busca comprender a la totalidad del concepto para facultar a la autoridad en su uso, este término no ha sido ajeno a interpretaciones judiciales que han limitado su aplicación en la práctica.

The term economic agent has also been subject to judicial review and interpretation. In some cases, the

Data Source and Currency

This comprehensive table presents detailed information on the minimum wage in various countries. The data is sourced from Eurostat, and the currency used is the euro.

Notable Changes

It is noteworthy that some countries have experienced minor adjustments to their minimum wage, such as Montenegro, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.

Highest and Second-Highest Minimum Wages

Luxembourg boasts the highest minimum wage globally, at one thousand four hundred and ninety-eight point forty-seven euros. Ireland follows closely with a minimum wage of one thousand six hundred and thirteen point ninety-five euros.

Ireland's Minimum Wage Trend

Ireland has witnessed a significant increase in its minimum wage over the years. Just four years... Continue reading "Minimum Wage Comparison Across Countries" »

The 1980s: Culture, Trends, and Historical Context

The 1980s were a vibrant era, often remembered for its distinctive culture and significant global events. It was a time of unique fashion, groundbreaking music, and notable historical shifts.

Fashion and Lifestyle in the Eighties

People embraced a bold and colorful aesthetic. Fashion often featured very wide t-shirts, trousers, and skirts, alongside clothing in bright hues like red, blue, and pink. This period was characterized by a sense of fun and experimentation in personal style.

Music Icons and Genres

In the world of music, Hip Hop, Rap, and especially Rock were immensely popular. Michael Jackson stood out as the most popular singer of the decade, leaving an indelible mark on music history... Continue reading "1980s Culture & Essential English Grammar Review" »

Essential Vocabulary: Relationships & Emotions

• ask out: Invitar a salir
• over the hill: Ir cuesta abajo
• attach: Poner, colocar
• bend over backwards: Hacer lo imposible
• breath: Aliento
• breathe: Respirar
• breathless: Sin aliento
• forgive: Perdonar
• cheer up: Levantar el ánimo a
• come between: Interponerse entre
• commit: Comprometerse
• couple: Pareja
• deserve: Merecer
• drift apart: Distanciarse
• drive away: Asustar
• envious: Envidioso
• drop by: Pasar por
• fall out: Enfadarse
• fate: Destino
• go mad over: Perder la cabeza por
• get it over with: Quitarse algo de encima
• gossip: Chismorreo
• hang out: Pasar el rato (Nota: 'Colgar el teléfono' es 'hang up')
• head over heels: Locamente enamorado
• hear from: Tener noticias de
• hear out: Escuchar (hasta el final)
• help out: Ayudar
• hold a grudge:

Reported Speech: Tense Transformations

Understanding how tenses change when converting direct speech to reported speech is crucial for accurate and effective communication. This document provides a clear breakdown of these transformations.

Was/Were Going To

Affirmative Sentences

To form the affirmative, use the correct form of 'to be' followed by 'going to' and a verb.

Subject + was/were + going to + verb + rest of the sentence.

Example: They were going to dance at a party.

Negative Sentences

To form the negative, negate the verb 'to be'.

Subject + wasn't/weren't + going to + verb + rest of the sentence.

Example: They weren't going to dance at a party.

Interrogative Sentences

To form a question, invert the verb 'to be' and the subject.

Was/were + subject + going to + verb + rest of the sentence?

Example: Were they going to dance at a party?

Hope and Wish

The word 'wish' is often used to talk about unreal situations.

Example: I wish I had more money. (I don't have much money)

'Hope' is used in... Continue reading "English Grammar Guide: Was/Were Going To, Hope/Wish, Adjectives, and Relative Clauses" »

Minutes: Page 35

Visitor Management

BG opened the meeting by reminding attendees that visitor numbers are strictly monitored. She stated that the number of ship passengers, the duration of their stay, and sites visited are recorded meticulously. She also pointed out that each ship receives a compulsory site schedule from the park, and visitors are not allowed free access to sensitive sites.

Sustainable Tourism Concerns

LC acknowledged that this scheme had been beneficial but felt that there should be an annual limit to the number of tourists. He warned that the present situation was unsustainable and urged the meeting to take action to protect the islands from further degradation. JB confirmed that this was indeed the case and was worried about... Continue reading "Sustainable Tourism and Visitor Management in the Galapagos Islands" »

Direct Speech Fundamentals

Direct speech involves quoting the exact words spoken, enclosed in quotation marks.

• Dr. Ames wrote, “Negative emotions are harmful and cause illness.”
• He continued, “But Cousins hasn’t proved anything.”
• Cousins said, “Laughter cured me.”
• We wrote, “He isn’t practicing laughter yoga.”
• She claimed, “We were telling the truth.”
• Doctors admitted, “We’ve learned from Cousins’s article.”
• He told her, “I’ll check to see how you’re feeling later.”
• Pam told us, “I can’t understand what happened.”
• He told me, “You have to see this funny movie.”
• The nurse told the little girl, “You must rest.”

Indirect Speech Transformation

Indirect speech (or reported speech) conveys what was said without... Continue reading "Mastering Reported Speech and English Humor Vocabulary" »