Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

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Liberalism and Adam Smith's Economic Theory

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Liberalism and Individual Rights

Liberalism starts from the idea that the individual and his rights has to be in the centre of the political reflection. Therefore, the State must guarantee a legal framework that protects individual rights, ensures free exchange and respects the rules of free economic competition. In this way, it is sought or favoured that the citizens can pursue their legitimate personal interests without the State interfering in the markets. So, a liberal State becomes the defender of:
  • Civil liberties (right to life, to freedom, to private property, as well as all the rights that arise from these: honour, religious freedom, right of assembly and association...)
  • Market freedom, by understanding economic freedom as the foundation
... Continue reading "Liberalism and Adam Smith's Economic Theory" »

Social and Economic Issues: Homelessness and Work Discrimination

Classified in Social sciences

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Homelessness

-homelessness: We currently live in a world where politicians are corrupt, where women do not charge the same as men and where millions of families are taken from their homes for not being able to pay them, that is, we live in an unjust and cruel world and for that reason, In my opinion, we should try to change it.

For start,he problem presented by this image is a social-economic problem. Perhaps, the man is in the street without a home because he does not have a job and because of that, he can not pay for a house and food and for this reason, he asks for money This lack of money may be due to a crisis, how Spain suffered in 2008.

Secondly, the homeless are people who have nothing and for that reason, we should help them, because... Continue reading "Social and Economic Issues: Homelessness and Work Discrimination" »

Food Engineering: Shaping Chile's Agribusiness Future

Classified in Social sciences

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Good morning, teacher. In the following presentation, I will talk to you about food engineers and their importance to society. Food engineering produces what our country eats. The importance of good nutrition is not necessarily common sense. In fact, it was only in 1979 that World Food Day was established. In recent years, diverse issues have been addressed, such as food prices, food safety, and biodiversity.

What is a Food Engineer?

A Food Engineer is a professional who can design, plan, adapt, innovate, control, and optimize the production process in the food industry. But what does this mean? To begin with, every engineering discipline implies using knowledge and technologies with a scientific basis (mathematics, biology, and chemistry, among... Continue reading "Food Engineering: Shaping Chile's Agribusiness Future" »

Classical, Neoclassical, and Modern Organizational Theories

Classified in Social sciences

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The Classical Organization

Modern Times: Charlie Chaplin and Early Management

  • Planning of work to achieve efficiency, standardization, specialization, and simplification.

  • Time and motion studies that resulted in organizational efficiency.

  • Time and motion refer to a method for calculating production efficiency by recording outcomes and time to produce those outcomes.

Application in the Modern Workplace: Bureaucracy

  • The “ideal type” features of the organizational form known as bureaucracy.

  • Closed system driven by rational-legal authority.

  • Strict reliance on rules, division of labor, and a clearly established hierarchy in which power is centralized.

  • Highly impersonal organization in which rationality is the guiding force and individuality is discouraged.

... Continue reading "Classical, Neoclassical, and Modern Organizational Theories" »

Understanding African American and Australian English Varieties

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African American English Vocabulary Sources

The vocabulary of African American English (AAVE) draws from two primary sources:

  • West African Languages: The influence of West African languages is evident in AAVE vocabulary. Examples include 'goober' (peanut) and 'tote' (to carry).
  • Semantic Extensions of English Words: Many words have undergone semantic extensions. For instance, 'bloods' is used to refer to other Black individuals, and 'whities' refers to white people.

Negation in African American English

AAVE employs several methods for marking negation:

  • 'Ain't': Similar to other English varieties, AAVE uses 'ain't' to negate verbs where Standard English might use 'haven't'. 'Ain't' can also substitute for 'didn't' in some contexts.
  • Double Negation:
... Continue reading "Understanding African American and Australian English Varieties" »

The Risks and Rewards of the Mars Expedition

Classified in Social sciences

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Explain why the Mars expedition is a high risk travel.




What happens if the space suit rips?





What happens if the rover breaks down?





What would happen if you lost contact with Earth?





Write two reasons why people shouldn’t go to Mars.

  • Homesickness
  • Extreme boredom

Would you volunteer to go to Mars? Why or why not?




Write about a candidate that is willing to go to Mars. Explain his or her reasons.





Why do people want to go to Mars?



Describe the Mars One Project.

The Mars One Project is a Dutch project that aims at a permanent human colony on Mars.

Write a 5-line paragraph about Malala Yousafzai.

She was born on 12 July 1997 and is a Pakistani activist for female education. She is the youngest Nobel Prize laureate and is known for her human rights advocacy, especially... Continue reading "The Risks and Rewards of the Mars Expedition" »

Face-to-Face vs. Online Learning and the Effectiveness of Curfews During Pandemics

Classified in Social sciences

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Is Face-to-Face Learning More Effective Than Online Classes?

Fourteen months ago, a new method of teaching, online classes, was broadly introduced across all educational levels. Since then, a significant debate has emerged regarding the effectiveness of face-to-face classes compared to online learning. Personally, I believe that face-to-face classes yield better results and are far more productive than online classes.

One reason for my stance is that, as a student, I find online classes tempting for multitasking. While I may be listening to the class, my focus is divided. Additionally, certain subjects, such as science, are not conducive to online learning. Beyond theory, practical application is crucial for understanding scientific concepts.... Continue reading "Face-to-Face vs. Online Learning and the Effectiveness of Curfews During Pandemics" »

Spain's Government Structure: Monarchy, Parliament, and Courts

Classified in Social sciences

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Spain's Political System: A Parliamentary Monarchy

The Kingdom of Spain is a parliamentary monarchy in which the monarch serves as the Head of State, while the President of the Government is the Head of Government. Currently, the King of Spain is Felipe VI, who ascended to the throne in 2014.

The Monarchy and Head of State

The Crown, as a symbol of the nation's unity, fulfills a two-fold function:

  • Firstly, it represents the unity of the state and the organic separation of powers. Consequently, the monarch appoints the President of the Government, and summons and dissolves the Parliament.
  • Secondly, it represents the Spanish State as a whole, sanctioning and promulgating laws.

Legislative Power: The Cortes Generales

Legislative power is vested in the... Continue reading "Spain's Government Structure: Monarchy, Parliament, and Courts" »

America's Industrial Age: Big Business & Modern Corporations

Classified in Social sciences

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The Rise of Big Business in America

The rise of big business in America saw the emergence of the modern corporation, complete with shareholders, distinct operating units, a national network of suppliers, and professional salaried managers. In the 19th century, a revolutionary idea took hold. Previously, the bulk of economic activity was conducted through single-unit businesses run and owned by independent tradespeople. This changed with increased economic activity and new business models, exemplified by figures ranging from local merchants to industrial giants like Henry Ford. By 1840, business people expected the coordination of their activities across a region as vast as the United States to be handled by the markets themselves.

Railroads:

... Continue reading "America's Industrial Age: Big Business & Modern Corporations" »

Internships vs. Additional Coursework: Choosing the Best Path for Your Career

Classified in Social sciences

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Introducing ourselves to the labor market after finishing a university degree is a daunting task that weighs heavily on students' minds. When faced with the choice between pursuing additional coursework or undertaking an internship, it's crucial to determine the most suitable option. This essay aims to compare and contrast these two possibilities, highlighting their similarities and differences.

Similarities in Learning Outcomes and Career Prospects

Firstly, it's important to acknowledge that both options can lead to similar outcomes. Regardless of the chosen path, students can acquire valuable knowledge and skills. While the learning approaches may differ, the fundamental principles and concepts remain consistent. Whether gained through theoretical... Continue reading "Internships vs. Additional Coursework: Choosing the Best Path for Your Career" »