Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

Survey responses to the Second Industrial System, including unionization,

the Populist Party, and Progressivism. Which do you consider Most

significant? Why?

The second industrial system was the period in the post civil War in which an extra layer of production began that focused on producing goods For other industries. Steel was very significant in this time, as were the Railroad systems. This new system caused Unionization. Most notably was the Pullman strike, where Pullman workers started to boycott Pullman and effectively Shut down the country’s railroad system after Pullman cut wages by 25% without Cutting the cost of rent. This combined with other efforts of workers to fight Against the poor working conditions, wages, and hours of the... Continue reading "Philosophy" »

Comment

In order to comment about sweatshops lets first state the Cambridge definition: a place where people work for long hours and very low pay in an unhealthy situation. Sweatshops or sweat factories, as we have defined them started basically with the industrial revolution in the 19^th century, mainly in GB. Back then of course there were almost no rights for workers and therefore, many companies exploited them in order to produce more and cheaper goods.

As part of the evolution of human and labour rights, in the last two centuries, legislation has been passed to eliminate sweatshops, although obviously, depending on the degree of social development of each country, this goal has been achieved in a higher or lower degree.

It is a fact that in... Continue reading "The Persistence of Sweatshops: A Global Issue" »

Cold War (1947-91) is a proxy war between USSR and USA happened in Korea, Vietnam, Cuba... Both powers wanted to spread their influence and reduce the enemies' influence.

Capitalist: Politics

• "Free nation", multi-party system, Democracy, USA
• Economy: Free-market
• Society/Culture: Big social differences, freedom of expression generally

Communist: Politics

• "Popular democracy", Single-political-party system, USSR
• Economy: State-controlled economy
• Society/Culture: Small social difference, education and health for everybody, censored freedom of expression

CAUSES:

After World War II, the relationship between USA and USSR degenerated. Major differences between the winners: the U.K and USA were democratic and capitalist states, but the USSR was communist. Two... Continue reading "Cold War: Proxy War Between USSR and USA" »

Spanish Education Reform (1840-1860)

The 1845 Constitution and Educational Priorities

The 1845 Constitution, a moderate document reflecting the joint sovereignty of the Nation, King, and Parliament, addressed education. However, providing basic knowledge to the population wasn't a priority for Spanish authorities. Census voting, restricted by gender and social class, further limited popular participation. The primary aim of education was to prepare citizens for governance, not for universal enlightenment.

Two Landmark Laws: The Pidal Plan (1845) and Moyano Law (1857)

Two crucial laws shaped education during this period: the 1845 General Plan of Studies (the "Pidal Plan") and the 1857 Law of Public Instruction (the "Moyano Law").

The Pidal Plan

Face-Threatening Acts vs. Face-Saving Acts in English and Spanish

As reported by Yule, in the study of linguistic politeness, the more relevant concept is “face,” described as “the emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to recognize” (2017: 148). In other words, one’s public self-image. One of the most withstanding differences between English and Spanish politeness is the usage of face-threatening and face-saving acts.

What are Face-Threatening Acts?

Face-threatening acts could be considered statements that represent a threat to another person’s self-image, quite used in direct commands and notably common in Spanish. These direct commands imply a sense of social power and are seen as face-threatening... Continue reading "Face-Threatening Acts vs. Face-Saving Acts: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of English and Spanish Politeness" »

Globalisation is the emerge of a globalized economy based on new systems of production, finance and consumption. There are 4 approaches of globalisation. Fist of all, we have The world-systems approach which is based on the distinction between core, semi peripheral and peripheral countries in terms of their changing roles in the international division. Core countries develop high skills, while the periphery focuses on low-skill and intensive production. This situation favours the dominance of the core over the periphery.It is sometimes considered to be too economistic and not focus enough on the cultural issues. (EX: Nike`s factory in Cambodia). The second approach is the globalization of culture, which focuses more on ideas of an emerging... Continue reading "Globalization, Neoliberalism, and the Future of Work: From Industrial to Post-Industrial Society" »

1. What is Globalization According to A. Scholte?

Giddens aptly observed that „there are few terms that we use so frequently but which are in fact as poorly conceptualized as globalization‟ (Giddens, 1996).

Various Interpretations of Globalization

Let's delve into different understandings of globalization:

• Internationalization:

  This refers to the growth of transactions and interdependence between countries. A more globalized world, in this sense, witnesses increased cross-border flows of messages, ideas, merchandise, money, investments, pollutants, and people.

• Liberalization:

  Globalization, from this perspective, is the process of removing officially imposed restrictions on resource movements between countries. It aims to create an „open‟

Grammar Translation Method

• Based on translation.
• Study of literature in the target language (L2).
• Instruction in the native language (L1).
• Focus on reading and writing.
• Vocabulary taught through word lists.
• Sentence is the basic teaching unit.
• Grammar taught deductively: explanation followed by exercises.

Natural/Direct Method

• Emphasis on spoken language learning.
• Meaning acquired through context.
• Grammar learned inductively.

Advantages

• Classroom instruction in L2.
• Vocabulary through demonstrations (objects, pictures).
• Emphasis on correct pronunciation and grammar.
• Everyday vocabulary and sentences.
• Graded oral communication skills.

Disadvantages

• Requires teachers with high/native English proficiency.
• Time-consuming explanations in L2.

Audiolingual/Oral Approach

Principles

• Selection
• Gradation
• Situational

Key Actors in Public Opinion Formation

The actors involved in shaping public opinion are diverse and influential. Here are some of the main players:

Politicians

Politicians and political parties regularly conduct polls, especially during campaigns. They also use focus groups to understand public sentiment. This research often aims to find ways to influence public opinion in favor of their policies. Politicians are keenly aware of the power of public opinion and work to shape it to their advantage.

Mass Media

The mass media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion. It is a major factor influencing how the public thinks about various issues. Media outlets conduct political surveys to create content for their audiences. Larger media organizations... Continue reading "Key Actors Shaping Public Opinion: Politicians, Media, Elites, and the Public" »

Are we being prepared for working life with the Methodologies governments are applying nowadays? It seems like we are not that Much, and the new ways of doing should be put in place in order to support Decisions on what our future occupations should be.

For someone being able to decide what he wants To do after school, he needs to know what all this is about. It appears Necessary to get schools and employers to work together, so that this direct Contact helps our students on their future choice.

Many times students do no know what is it that They want to study, so they look after what will bring higher profits, may be Thinking their parents would appreciate from them to do so.

Nevertheless, it should be admitted that work Related subjects are