Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Cost-effectiveness analysis ranks policies based on their costs for achieving a defined objective. This analysis is implemented when there is no reasonable consensus on how the relevant costs and benefits can be evaluated. Cost-effectiveness doesn’t evaluate the worthiness of a project based on its benefits relative to costs; instead, it takes some outcome or goal as given and evaluates the efficiency of the various options for achieving it. For example, if policymakers decide to reduce CO2 emissions by 10%, there would be many ways of achieving this goal.

Institutions in Public Policy

Institutions are the laws, organizations, and unwritten rules that make public policy possible. Groups ranging from a handful of homeowners... Continue reading "Public Policy: Cost-Effectiveness, Institutions, and Entities" »

Types of Employers, Introduction to Competencies, Skills Versus Competencies

Some years ago, when executives and managers began to realize that employees' skills were not the only factor determining their success, they started to use competencies. Competencies are a concept taken on board by human resource departments to measure a person's appropriateness for a particular job.

What is a Competency?

In simple terms, a competency is a tool that an individual can use in order to demonstrate a high standard of performance. Most organizations recognize two main groups and then have numerous subgroups into which competencies can be further divided.

Competencies in the Business World

There has been a lot written about competencies. It is easy to see how... Continue reading "Understanding Competencies in the Professional World" »

Wardan Hawa

Student Syndrome (Ariely, 2008): the tendency for students to give in to temptation and invent excuses when the deadline comes.

Planning Fallacy - Optimism trumps past experience (Buehler et al., 1997): students who believe they will finish their work on time tend to fall behind. Taxpayers who were expected to mail their taxes on time were also a week late (Buehler, Griffin & Ross, 2002).

Kahneman and Tversky (1979) proposed the Cognitive Model of Planning Fallacy:

• Inside Planning: focuses on the task rather than the mission, ignores outside factors, and leads to optimism bias
• Outside Planning: considers outside factors and learns from the past
• Optimism Bias: being overly optimistic about time leads to the least success in completing

Over Half of Europe’s Amphibians Face Extinction by 2050

1. Due to the effects.
2. Because the effects of viruses.
3. They are very pessimistic.
4. Amphibians are essential to.
5. When the effects are more.
6. The extinction of many amphibians.
7. Because planet warming will.
8. To reduce gas emissions and to encourage.

Svalbard: The Land Beyond the North Cape

1. Between Norway and the North Pole.
2. The name means “cold coast” in Norse.
3. Probably Norse sailors.
4. Svalbard became Norwegian.
5. By boat.
6. 12º C below zero.
7. Because of the Polar night there.
8. Bears are known to hunt humans.

Arranged Marriages

1. Are usual in Asian countries.
2. To assist people in finding their ideal.
3. Are ready to be married if they.
4. To be as compatible.
5. Origin.
6. Can count on their relatives.
7. Are often prejudiced against.
8. Try

Liberalism and Individual Rights

• Civil liberties (right to life, to freedom, to private property, as well as all the rights that arise from these: honour, religious freedom, right of assembly and association...)
• Market freedom, by understanding economic freedom as the foundation

Homelessness

-homelessness: We currently live in a world where politicians are corrupt, where women do not charge the same as men and where millions of families are taken from their homes for not being able to pay them, that is, we live in an unjust and cruel world and for that reason, In my opinion, we should try to change it.

For start,he problem presented by this image is a social-economic problem. Perhaps, the man is in the street without a home because he does not have a job and because of that, he can not pay for a house and food and for this reason, he asks for money This lack of money may be due to a crisis, how Spain suffered in 2008.

Secondly, the homeless are people who have nothing and for that reason, we should help them, because... Continue reading "Social and Economic Issues: Homelessness and Work Discrimination" »

Good morning, teacher. In the following presentation, I will talk to you about food engineers and their importance to society. Food engineering produces what our country eats. The importance of good nutrition is not necessarily common sense. In fact, it was only in 1979 that World Food Day was established. In recent years, diverse issues have been addressed, such as food prices, food safety, and biodiversity.

What is a Food Engineer?

A Food Engineer is a professional who can design, plan, adapt, innovate, control, and optimize the production process in the food industry. But what does this mean? To begin with, every engineering discipline implies using knowledge and technologies with a scientific basis (mathematics, biology, and chemistry, among... Continue reading "Food Engineering: Shaping Chile's Agribusiness Future" »

Explain why the Mars expedition is a high risk travel.

What happens if the space suit rips?

What happens if the rover breaks down?

What would happen if you lost contact with Earth?

Write two reasons why people shouldn’t go to Mars.

• Homesickness
• Extreme boredom

Would you volunteer to go to Mars? Why or why not?

Write about a candidate that is willing to go to Mars. Explain his or her reasons.

Why do people want to go to Mars?

Describe the Mars One Project.

The Mars One Project is a Dutch project that aims at a permanent human colony on Mars.

Write a 5-line paragraph about Malala Yousafzai.

She was born on 12 July 1997 and is a Pakistani activist for female education. She is the youngest Nobel Prize laureate and is known for her human rights advocacy, especially... Continue reading "The Risks and Rewards of the Mars Expedition" »

Is Face-to-Face Learning More Effective Than Online Classes?

Fourteen months ago, a new method of teaching, online classes, was broadly introduced across all educational levels. Since then, a significant debate has emerged regarding the effectiveness of face-to-face classes compared to online learning. Personally, I believe that face-to-face classes yield better results and are far more productive than online classes.

One reason for my stance is that, as a student, I find online classes tempting for multitasking. While I may be listening to the class, my focus is divided. Additionally, certain subjects, such as science, are not conducive to online learning. Beyond theory, practical application is crucial for understanding scientific concepts.... Continue reading "Face-to-Face vs. Online Learning and the Effectiveness of Curfews During Pandemics" »

Introducing ourselves to the labor market after finishing a university degree is a daunting task that weighs heavily on students' minds. When faced with the choice between pursuing additional coursework or undertaking an internship, it's crucial to determine the most suitable option. This essay aims to compare and contrast these two possibilities, highlighting their similarities and differences.

Similarities in Learning Outcomes and Career Prospects

Firstly, it's important to acknowledge that both options can lead to similar outcomes. Regardless of the chosen path, students can acquire valuable knowledge and skills. While the learning approaches may differ, the fundamental principles and concepts remain consistent. Whether gained through theoretical... Continue reading "Internships vs. Additional Coursework: Choosing the Best Path for Your Career" »