Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

Clara Campoamor and Women's Suffrage in 1931

This text is a transcription concerning the right of women to vote and their inclusion in the new Spanish Constitution. Its author is Clara Campoamor, a lawyer and member of the Partido Republicano Radical (Radical Republican Party). It was written on September 1, 1931, during the constitutional process of the Second Spanish Republic.

The Second Republic: Constitutional Context

The 1931 elections resulted in a preference for the Republic over the Monarchy, leading King Alfonso XIII to permit the formation of a Republican government. A provisional government was constituted, presided over by Niceto Alcalá-Zamora. This government called for general elections and began drafting a new constitution.

The... Continue reading "Clara Campoamor: Winning Women's Suffrage in Spain 1931" »

Globalization: Economic Impacts and Global Dynamics

This report aims to explain the significant impacts that globalization has had on the global economy. We will first delve into the core concept of globalization, followed by an examination of its specific effects on developed countries. Subsequently, the most important advantages and disadvantages of globalization will be outlined. Finally, a comprehensive conclusion will be presented, summarizing the key findings.

Defining Globalization

Globalization is primarily an economic process of integration that also encompasses significant social and cultural aspects. It involves the international flow of goods, services, capital, technology, and data. Furthermore, it represents the increasing interaction... Continue reading "Globalization's Economic Footprint: Impacts on Nations" »

Essential English for Travel and Socializing

Common Phrasal Verbs

• Go out: salir fuera
• Freshen up: lavarse
• Eat out: comer fuera
• Check in: registrarse
• Meet up with: quedar con alguien
• Show someone around: To act as a guide for someone in a new place; enseñar un lugar.
• Pick someone up: To collect someone, typically in a vehicle; recoger a alguien.
• Drop someone off: To take someone to a place and leave them there; dejar a alguien.

Useful Travel Nouns

• Sightseeing: Visiting interesting buildings and places as a tourist.
• Conference: A large meeting where people with the same work or interest come together.
• Venue: The place where a conference or a big event is held.
• Facilities: Space, equipment, and services provided.
• Nightlife: Things to do in the evening.

Vocabulary

Articles of Confederation

An agreement among the thirteen original states, approved in 1781, that provided a loose federal government before the present Constitution went into effect in 1789. There was no chief executive or judiciary, and the legislature of the Confederation had no authority to collect taxes.

Common Sense

Sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts.

Declaration of Independence

The proclamation made by the Second American Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which asserted the freedom and independence of the 13 Colonies from Great Britain.

Hessian

A native of Hesse; a German mercenary serving in the British forces during the American Revolution.

Loyalist

A person who remained loyal to the British... Continue reading "Key Terms of the American Revolutionary Era" »

NORMS AFFECTING TRANSLATION: According to Toury Preliminary norms (which includes translation policy and directness of translation) Operational norms (Matricial norms, Textual-linguistic norms).

Teleworking, also known as remote work, has become more relevant in recent years due to the accelerated digital transformation that the world of work has experienced. This modality of work refers to the possibility of carrying out tasks from any place that has Internet access, allowing employees to have more flexibility in terms of hours and geographic location.

Among the benefits of teleworking are the reduction of costs for the company in terms of infrastructure and services, the reduction of travel time for employees, the possibility of working with professionals from anywhere in the world and the improvement of the reconciliation between work and personal life. Additionally, it can be a viable option for people with disabilities or travel... Continue reading "How do computers affect the way people work spend free time?" »

Chartism Movement (1838-1848)

Between 1838 and 1848, the British labor movement engaged in political action through Chartism. This movement in England sought to pressure Parliament by collecting signatures in support of certain letters which claimed specific rights. In one of these, in 1838, a democratic program based on universal male suffrage was defined. Chartism organized strikes, but the movement failed because of repression, internal divisions, and the defeat of the revolution of 1848 in Europe.

Workers met in republican and leftist organizations in favor of universal male suffrage. After that revolution, socialist doctrines began to create class parties, exclusively for workers.

Utopian Socialism

Utopian socialism is a term that designates... Continue reading "British Chartism and Utopian Socialists" »

Introduction

This study examines the origins and development of new technologies, exploring their impact on both businesses and society.

Origin of New Technologies

The technological boom of the 1990s, marked by the birth of the internet and the end of the Cold War, laid the foundation for the rapid advancement of new technologies. This period ushered in an era of globalization, with economies worldwide striving for technological and economic progress. The emergence of advanced computers with operating systems like Windows NT, 95, 98, XP, and iOS revolutionized business operations by streamlining administrative processes.

Effects of New Technologies on Society

Technological advancements have significantly impacted society, particularly in the realm... Continue reading "Impact of New Technologies on Business and Society" »

NATO: resort to force

- Bombing carried out by NATO: 14 members on basis of shame with failure of diplomacy to end Yugoslav wars from 1991-1995

- Also out of concern that Kosovar Albanians 100% of Kosovo’s population were at risk of ethnic cleansing

- War done without explicit approval of UNSC on basis that Russia and China would veto any notion for military action and that public would not support action that was explicitly rejected by the council

- All recommendations, resolutions and votes of institutions, including EU, NATO, OSCE and UN were being ignored for violated by Yugoslav forces, leaving military action as only option left.

- Although intervention only carried out in support of UNSC revolutions and with authorization, there was no... Continue reading "NATO Intervention in Yugoslav Wars: Legal and Ethical Considerations" »

In the 19th century, reaction movements began to emerge against the foundations of the classical school of economics. The Historical School developed in Germany between 1834 and 1883, extending its influence across Europe and the USA.

Branches of the Historical School

Within this school, two distinct currents are usually identified: the "Old Historical School" and the "Modern Historical School." Some of the common features shared by both currents include:

• The defense of the historical inductive method.
• The view of the State as a driver of development, proposing its intervention in favor of the weakest members of society.

Key Representatives of the Historical School

The Old Historical School

The principal representatives of the "Old Historical School"... Continue reading "19th Century Economic Thought: Historical School and Early Socialism" »