Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Secondary education

Vocabulary

Feelings

Amusing: divertit
Annoying: molest
Confusing: confús
Embarrassing: vergonyós
Fascinating: fascinant
Frightening: aterridor
Frustrating: frustrant
Inspiring: inspirador
Irritating: irritant
Motivating: motivador
Relaxing: relaxant
Upsetting: molest
Worrying: preocupant

Technology Actions

Browse: navegar
Charge: carregar
Mute: silenciar
Plug in: endollar
Press: prémer
Scroll: lliscar (dalt baix)
Swipe: lliscar (esquerra dreta)
Switch off: apagar
Switch on: encendre
Tap: tocar
Update: actualitzar

Other Verbs

Invite: convidar
Warn: advertir
Spread: difondre
Express: expresar
Squeeze: apretar

-ed/-ing Adjectives

-ed: el que sento (how you feel)
-ing: situació (context) (the situation)
Example: embarrassed (jo avergonyida), embarrassing (situació vergonyosa)... Continue reading "English Grammar and Vocabulary Guide for Technology" »

Gas Exchange

Blood is circulated to the lungs to obtain oxygen. This happens in the alveoli. Air entering the lungs has a higher concentration of oxygen and a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than the air that the lungs release. The blood exiting the lungs has a higher oxygen concentration and a lower carbon dioxide concentration than when it enters. The amount of nitrogen remains constant. Oxygen passes through the alveolar wall. These gases traverse the membrane of the cells by diffusion.

What Happens Inside the Alveoli?

The total surface area of the lungs' alveoli is enormous. Each alveolus is surrounded by many tiny blood vessels called capillaries, and the wall is extremely thin.

Microorganisms in the Air

Upper respiratory illnesses like... Continue reading "Human Biology: Respiration, Microorganisms, and Nutrition" »

Ancient Greek Music

Time passed, and Mediterranean culture became dominant in the ancient world, particularly in Greece. Greek mathematicians and scientists discovered patterns and created formulae to define them. This explains how Greeks approached music, from a very mathematical perspective, but also a religious one.

• Apollo

  Music was originated from the god Apollo. Music influenced human actions and thoughts. It was believed that music could cure illnesses and modify behaviors.

• Discoveries

  Pythagoras discovered some basic intervals. Later on, they discovered different effects on the listener. The Greek world agreed that music should be an important part of education.

• Orpheus and Eurydice

  Orpheus was a poet and musician, a great master of the lyre,

Verbos irregulares en inglés

burst burst burst

catch caught caught

cost cost cost

fall fell fallen

flee fled fled

fly flew flown

get got got

hang hung hung

hide hid hidden

hit hit hit

leave left left

lend lent lent

lose lost lost

meet met met

mow mowed mown

put put put

read read read

ride rode ridden

run ran run

say said said

see saw seen

sell sold sold

send sent sent

set set set

shake shook shaken

sit sat sat

sleep slept slept

Essential English Irregular Verbs

Here's a list of common irregular verbs in English to help you improve your grammar and vocabulary:

• B:
  • be - was/were - been (ser/estar)
  • beat - beat - beaten (golpear)
  • become - became - become (convertirse)
  • begin - began - begun (empezar)
  • bend - bent - bent (doblar)
  • bet - bet - bet (apostar)
  • bite - bit - bitten (morder)
  • bleed - bled - bled (sangrar)
  • blow - blew - blown (soplar)
  • break - broke - broken (romper)
  • bring - brought - brought (traer)
  • build - built - built (construir)
  • burn - burnt - burnt (quemar)
  • buy - bought - bought (comprar)
• C:
  • catch - caught - caught (coger)
  • choose - chose - chosen (elegir)
  • come - came - come (venir)
  • cost - cost - cost (costar)
  • cut - cut - cut (cortar)
• D:
  • dig - dug - dug (cavar)
  • do - did - done (hacer)
  • draw

Unit 1: Media and Appearances

Public Appearances and Media

Appearance: An occasion when someone appears in public.

Broadcast: To send out a program on television or radio.

Piece: An example of artistic, musical, or written work.

Stream: To listen to/watch something on a computer, smartphone, etc., directly from the internet.

Creative Professionals

Comedian: Someone who entertains people by telling jokes.

Editor: A person who corrects or changes text, film, etc., or who is in charge of a newspaper/magazine.

Novelist: A person who writes books about imaginary people and events.

Programmer: Someone who writes computer programs as a job.

Media Terminology

• Bestseller
• Cast
• The Charts
• Classic
• Series
• Shoot
• Track
• Critic
• Producer
• TV Presenter

Unit 3: Personal Qualities and

INGREDIENTES:

• Present Simple: pronoun + present form of verb.
• Present Continuous: pronoun + am/is/are + verb + -ing.
• Past Simple: pronoun + second column.
• Past Continuous: pronoun + was/were + verb + -ing.
• Past Perfect: pronoun + had + third column.
• Present Perfect Simple: pronoun + have/has + third column.
• Present Perfect Continuous: pronoun + have/has + been + verb + -ing.

MODO DE USO:

• Extreme Adjectives: totally, completely, and absolutely.
• Normal Adjectives: very, extremely, rather, and quite.
• Both: really.
• Vocabulary: u1 arrogant, bossy, calm, cheerful, clever, confident, friendly, funny, hard-working, impatient, lazy, nervous, nice, patient, quite, reliable, selfish, serious, shy, talkative, tidy, unfriendly, untidy. u2 break down, check in, get

Understanding Cells: The Building Blocks of Life

Cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms.

Cell Structure Essentials

A typical cell consists of several key components:

• Plasma membrane: A very thin, stretchy cover composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates that separates the cell from its external environment.
• Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance filling the cell, enclosing the organelles.
• Genetic material (DNA): A complex chemical substance containing the genetic information necessary to regulate the cell's functions.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Cells are broadly classified into two types based on the location and organization of their DNA:

Prokaryotic Cell Characteristics

• Kingdom: Monera (bacteria).
• Cellularity: Typically

Mendelian Principles of Inheritance

Gregor Mendel

• In the 19th century, he studied inheritance: the passing of characteristics from parents to offspring.
• His work was based on the study of the crossing of different varieties of plants.
• The species chosen was the pea (Pisum sativum).

Method

• Characteristic selection
• Obtaining pure-bred individuals for those characteristics

Parental generation (P)

• Crossing two different pure breeds to obtain descendants

First filial generation (F1)

• Crossing F1 individuals and studying their descendants

Second filial generation (F2)

Complete Inheritance

In the heterozygote, the dominant phenotype is manifested.

Special Cases in Genetics

Complete Inheritance

In the heterozygote, the dominant phenotype is manifested.

Intermediate Inheritance

The... Continue reading "Mendelian Genetics: Principles of Inheritance" »

What is GDP?

GDP is the total monetary or market value of all finished goods and services produced within a country's border in a specific period of time.

What is HDI?

HDI is an index of key dimensions of human development. There are three:

1. A long and healthy life: Measured by life expectancy.
2. Access to education: Measured by expected years of schooling of children, an entry age, and mean years of schooling of the adult population.
3. A decent standard of living: Measured by gross national income per capita adjusted for the price level of the country.

International Making-Bodies Institutions

United Nations

A supranational organization created in 1945. It ended the Second World War, guarantees security, peace, and the defense of human rights.

Organs:

• General