Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Secondary education

Key Concepts and Timeline of 20th Century Spanish History

Defining Moments and Terms

Tragic Week

A protest in 1909 against sending troops to Morocco, which led to a general strike followed by a popular uprising in which convents were attacked and burned. The army suppressed the rebellion, resulting in many deaths and executions.

Casas Viejas Incident

The Civil Guard and Assault Guard suppressed an anarchist uprising in Cádiz in 1933, resulting in many deaths and contributing to the overthrow of the Azaña government.

Popular Front

A political coalition formed in 1936, composed of left-wing Republicans, Socialists, and Communists. Its goals included resuming the reforms of the 'Reformist Biennium' and declaring amnesty for political prisoners.

Autarky

An... Continue reading "Key Events and Concepts of 20th Century Spanish History" »

RESTORATION CRISIS

regenerationism (2nd stage restoration 20th cent. attempt reform syst & increase social support), parties conservative canovas-->Maura (change law to fight caciquism, compulsory voting, strike regulation, sunday rest & old age/unemployment benefit) liberal sagasta-->canalejas (eliminated consumos tax, compulsory military service, ends quintas, limited church influ) problems loss of colonies, needed em in imperialist era, got north morocco=low resources, BCN TRAGIC WEEK dissatisfaction bc reservist call (trigger), radical ideology, antimaurism & anticlericalism (cyclical), canalejas assassination, 1917 CRISIS unable to keep syst, causes (Spain neutrality in WWI, production & profit growth, same wage but... Continue reading "Spanish Restoration Crisis and Transition to Francoism" »

New Distribution Capability (NDC)

NDC forced GDSs to implement more modern data transmission channels to distribute ancillaries to customers.

It is based on a new, single, flexible, and standard language for all air content.

Benefits of NDC

The technology behind this distribution system is planned to generate the following benefits:

1. Encourage innovation, personalization, and brand recognition;
2. Enable further product differentiation and faster time-to-market;
3. Offer travel sellers easier access to real-time, accurate data, rich imagery,
4. Provide exciting new offers created by airlines;
5. Travelers can enjoy more services and a more personalized travel experience;
6. Offer more options for travel sellers (e.g., concert tickets, etc.). More options mean more revenue

Colonial Empires of the 19th and 20th Centuries

Major British Colonies

• Canada
• Australia
• Egypt
• Sudan
• Nigeria
• Kenya
• Rhodesia
• South African Union
• India
• Burma
• New Guinea
• Cochinchina

Major French Colonies

• America and Oceania: No colonies
• Morocco
• Algeria
• French West Africa
• French Equatorial Africa
• Somalia
• Madagascar
• Indochina

Other European Empires

Spanish Colonies

• Rio de Oro
• Equatorial Guinea
• Northern Morocco

German Colonies

• Kamerun
• Tanganyika
• South West Africa

Dutch Colonies

• The Guianas
• Indonesia
• Malaysia

Belgian Colonies

• Belgian Congo
• New Guinea

Portuguese Colonies

• Angola
• Mozambique

Danish Colonies

• Iceland
• Greenland

Italian Colonies

• Libya
• Somalia
• Eritrea

Non-European Empires

Japanese Colonies

• Korea

US Territories and Protectorates

• Cuba
• Panama Canal Zone
• Philippines
• Alaska
• Puerto Rico

Russian Territories

• Turkestan
• Manchuria
• Kuril

International Crisis Management

Risk Assessment

Conduct a comprehensive risk assessment to identify potential crises that could impact your organization's international operations. Analyze political, economic, social, technological, and legal factors in your countries or regions of operation.

Crisis Response Team

Establish a dedicated crisis response team with members from different departments who have the expertise and authority to make critical decisions during a crisis. Clearly define roles, responsibilities, and communication channels within the team.

Communication Strategy

Develop a robust communication strategy for internal and external stakeholders. Establish a clear chain of command for key messages, prepare spokespersons for media interactions,... Continue reading "International Crisis Management Strategies" »

1.1 The Concept of a City

Human settlement refers to the distribution of the population over a territory, which can be either rural or urban.

a) Rural Settlement:

• Characterized by a low number of inhabitants and low population density. The specific criteria for what constitutes a rural settlement can vary depending on the region. For example, in Norway, a city can have as few as 200 inhabitants.
• Typically features low-rise buildings that can be either concentrated or dispersed.
• The primary economic activities are related to the primary sector, which involves obtaining natural resources.
• Life in rural settlements is often characterized by close social ties and a strong sense of community belonging.
• Examples of rural settlements include villages and

Understanding Climate Change

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. While these changes can be natural, due to variations in solar activity or large volcanic eruptions, human activities have been the main driver of climate change since the 19th century.

This is primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. Fossil fuel combustion produces greenhouse gas emissions that surround the Earth like a blanket, trapping solar heat and increasing global temperatures.

Human Activity: The Primary Driver of Warming

Scientists studying climate change have established that humans are responsible for the global warming observed over the last 200 years. As a result of human activities that produce... Continue reading "Climate Change: Human Causes, Global Impacts, and Urgent Solutions" »

This photo captures a battalion of thousands of Maori performing the Haka, a traditional dance used before entering battle. Initially, European wars held little interest for them as they seemed inconsequential to their lives. However, their perspective shifted during World War II. They saw participation as a political strategy to claim their independence. The Maori, part of New Zealand, sought respect alongside the Pakeha (non-Maori New Zealanders).

The Maori presence in New Zealand predates the arrival of European explorers, leading to numerous conflicts with white emigrants known as the Land Wars, which spanned many years. World War II presented an opportunity, despite Britain's distance, as they believed it would later benefit their pursuit... Continue reading "Maori Warriors: WWII, Haka, and the Fight for Equality" »

Mechanical Motion Transformation Systems

Rack and Pinion Mechanism

The rack and pinion mechanism has two parts: the rack, which is a straight bar, and the pinion, which is a gear. Both have teeth that interlock. When the pinion rotates, the rack moves. If the mechanism is reversible, the pinion also rotates when the rack moves.

Nut and Bolt Mechanism

This mechanism has two parts: a bolt with a spiral groove and a nut that turns around it.

• When the bolt is stationary, the nut rotates and moves along the bolt. This is used to fasten different parts together.
• When the bolt is mobile, it moves through the nut. We use this to lift loads.

Winch and Crank Mechanism

A winch is a cylinder that rotates around a horizontal axis. We attach a rope to a winch and... Continue reading "Mechanical Motion Transformation Systems Explained" »

Mamma Mia!: A Joyous Celebration of Love and Music

Mamma Mia! is by far and away the best musical film you will see in your life. The first time I saw it was in the cinema many years ago. This film symbolizes love, family, and unity, some of the most important and significant values for most of us. It is known worldwide for its high-quality cast and soundtrack.

The film is set in Skopelos, a beautiful Greek island that makes you want to be there, smell the fresh sea air, and walk through the white alleys. The scenery captures the audience's imagination, making them feel heart-warmed and at peace.

Another important and necessary aspect to highlight is the music of ABBA. It can turn a grey day into a cheerful and lively one. The songs are some of... Continue reading "A Joyous Celebration of Love and Music: A Review of "Mamma Mia!"" »