Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Secondary education

What are Economic Activity?

- It is what is carried out by humans in order to acquire goods to satisfy the material needs of humans

What are Economic Goods and How Can They be Classified?

- Products and services generated by economic activity

• Composition
• Function
• Ownership

What are the Factors of Production?

- The resources that are required for the generation of economic goods

Types and Subtypes of Production Factors

- Natural resources: Resources provided by nature that can be used for production

• Renewable: Resources that will never be wasted
• Particularly renewable: Resources whose waste depends on their use
• Non-renewable: Resources that are always wasted

- Human resources: People who convert natural resources into economic goods

- Capital: Made up of material,... Continue reading "Understanding Economic Activity and Production Factors" »

1921, hungary dictatrship by Horty. 1922, Italy by Mussolini. 1923,Spain by Primo de Rivera. 1926, poland by Pilsduki. 1929, Yugoslava by Alexander I. 1932, Portugal by Salazar. 1933, Germany by Hitler, Austria by Dollfus. 1936, Greece by Metaxas. 1939, Spain by Franco.

1931, Japan occupies Manchuria. 1933, Hitler cancellor. 1935, Italy invades ethipia. 1936, Rome-berlin axis, anti-commitern pact. 1938, Germany annexes autsria, munich conference. 1939, germany annexes czechoslovakia, nazi soviet pact.

1940 (MAY) germany occupies netherlands and belgium. (JUNE) germany occupies paris. (JULY) start battle britain. (OCT) italy invades greece. 1941 (JUNE) germany invades the ussr. (DEC) japan attack pearl harbour.

1942, battle of midway and el alemin.... Continue reading "Timeline of World War II: Rise of Dictatorships and Key Events" »

Chemical Change vs. Phase Change

Chemical change: Produces new substances that didn't exist before.

Phase change: The substance remains the same before and after the process.

Dissolving: It is only a homogeneous mixture; no new substances appear.

Identifying Chemical Changes

How do we know if a chemical change is occurring?

• Gas release: Gases may not be visible; we identify them by bubbles in a liquid.
• Color change
• Thermal energy change
• Energy release as light

Understanding Chemical Reactions

A chemical reaction occurs when the starting substances, called reactants, transform into other new substances, called products.

The appearance of new substances is due to the rearrangement of the reactant's atoms, forming the products. The information about a chemical... Continue reading "Chemical Reactions and Their Impact on Industry" »

Adjusting Events

The following events require adjustments in financial statements:

• Settlement of a court case
• Asset impairments (asset not well accounted for)
• Determination of costs of assets purchased or sold before the reporting period
• Determination of profit or bonus payment
• Fraud or errors

Non-Adjusting Events

The following events do not require adjustments in financial statements:

• Major business combinations or disposal of a subsidiary (sell of a subsidiary)
• Plan to discontinue operations
• Purchases of assets or expropriation by government
• Destruction of a plant (by a fire, earthquake…)
• Restructuring
• Ordinary shares transactions
• Changes in asset prices or foreign exchange rates after reporting period
• Changes in tax rates or tax law
• New commitments or

-Inquisition: An institution that pursued heretics and judaisers, forced both to submit to baptism or leave the country.

-Corregidores: People chosen by the king to control city government.

-Councils: A royal court made up of jurists to improve administration and undertake governance of specific territories.

-Chancillerías: Royal courts located in Valladolid and Granada. They established an efficient political economy and increased royal income.

-Santa Hermandad: The body which maintained social order in rural areas.

-Royal secretaries: Councils responsible for studying important matters and giving advice to the monarch.

-Viceroy: The representative of the monarch in each territory who had a range of powers including the summoning and overseeing... Continue reading "Spanish Institutions and Conquests: A Historical Overview" »

In the play “Journey’s End”, in addition to depict the First World War, the author’s main purpose is to let the audience reflect on how important are moral values in life. In particular, R. C. Sherriff highlights the value of friendship, which is portrayed through the relationship between Stanhope and Osborne. The friendship between the two of them is presented by the author through a series of key scenes, which play an extraordinary role. 

To begin with, since the start, the audience surely understands how strong the relationship between Osborne and Stanhope is. Stanhope is the infantry’s captain: despite his young age, he shows himself to be a fine leader of men, who is able to command his own company and to hold a very responsible... Continue reading "What happened to a good man with his son" »

Vertebrate animals belong to the Animal Kingdom and have the following characteristics:

• They have an internal skeleton that allows movement, protects the organs, and gives support to their body.
• They have blood to carry the nutrients and waste products throughout the body.
• They have articulated limbs (fins, wings, or legs).

We are going to study the vertebrates' groups:

1. Fish

• Aquatic (they have a fusiform body, thinner in the tips, and fins). They breathe through gills.
• Poikilothermic (they cannot maintain constant body temperature).
• They have a lateral line (a line that crosses their body that is able to detect vibrations in the water).
• They have external fertilization: gametes join in the environment, outside of the female's body.
• They can be oviparous

Forestry is an important source of many different types of products and resources, and it is crucial to practice sustainable reforestation.

Cork: A Versatile Material for Wine Bottles

Cork is obtained from oak trees and is commonly used for wine bottle stoppers.

Resins: Natural Ingredients for Cosmetics

Resins are obtained from certain plants and are widely used in the cosmetics industry.

Rubber: Essential for Tire Manufacturing

Rubber is obtained from certain tropical trees and is a key material in tire production.

Wood: A Versatile Raw Material for Furniture

Wood is obtained from trees and is commonly used as a raw material for furniture production.

The effects of unsustainable forestry practices include overexploitation of forests, forest fires,... Continue reading "Forestry: A Sustainable Source of Products and Resources" »

Excretion

Elimination of waste substances from blood is performed by the urinary system and other organs.

Urinary System

• Kidneys: bean-shaped organs behind the abdomen, filtering blood to form urine.
• Ureter: thin tubes transporting urine to the bladder.
• Urinary bladder: elastic bag storing urine.
• Urethra: duct transporting urine outside.

Other organs involved in excretion are lungs, liver, and sweat glands.

The Circulatory System

Function: Transporting O2, nutrients, and collecting CO2 and waste substances.

Blood

• Blood Plasma: 55% of blood, transporting nutrients, waste substances, and CO2.
• Blood Cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Blood Vessels

Arteries, veins, and blood capillaries carry blood around the body.

Heart

Hollow muscular... Continue reading "Excretion and Circulatory System Overview" »