Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems

-"Conditioned" air is air that has: BEEN CONTROLLED IN RESPECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE.

-"Frequency wild" in relation to a AC generation system means the generator: OUTPUT FREQUENCY VARIES WITH ENGINE SPEED.

-"Nose wheel shimmy" may be described as: A POSSIBLY DAMAGING VIBRATION OF THE NOSE WHEEL WHEN MOVING ON THE GROUND.

-"Vapour lock" is the phenomenon by which: HEAT PRODUCES VAPOUR BUBBLES IN THE FUEL LINE.

-"Vapour lock" is the phenomenon by which: HEAT PRODUCES VAPOUR BUBBLES IN THE FUEL LINE.

-A "fan" stage of a ducted-fan turbine engine is driven by: THE LOW PRESSURE TURBINE.

-A "trip-free" type circuit breaker is a circuit protection device which : WILL NOT ALLOW THE CONTACTS TO BE HELD CLOSED WHILE A CURRENT FAULT EXISTS IN THE CIRCUIT.

• "Heading hold" is normally: REGARDED AS A BASIC OF AUTOMATIC STABILISATION EQUIPMENT
• 1 - Route modifications2 - Crossing constraints3 - Transfer of ATC center 4 - Speed changes. The combination which regroups all of the correct statements is:   1, 2, 3, 4
• 1 - TAS2 - IAS 3 - Mach NUmber. The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is: 2, 3
• A "Bourdon Tube" is used in: PRESSURE SENSORS
• A blocked pitot head with a clear static source causes the airspeed indicator to:   REACT LIKE AN ALTIMETER
• A closed loop control system in which a small power input controls a much larger power output in a strictly proportionate manner is known as: A SERVOMECHANISM
• A control system consisting of four pendulous vanes is used in: AN AIR DRIVEN ARTIFICIAL

CODIGOS IATA/ICAO Aeropuertos

IATA-ICAO-CIUDAD PAIS AEROPUERTO

AAA-NTGA-ANAA FRENCH POLYNESIA TUAMOTU ISLANDS
AAE-DABB-ANNABA ALGERIA EL MELLAH
AAL-EKYT-AALBORG DENMARK
AAO-SVAN-ANACO VENEZUELA ANZUALEGUI
AAQ-???? -ANAPA RUSSIA
AAR-EKAH-AARHUS DENMARK TIRSTRUP
AAY-ODAG-AL GHAIDA YEMEN
ABA-UNAA-ABAKAN RUSSIA
ABE-KABE-ALLENTOWN USA (PENNSYLVANIA) BETHLEHEM-EASTON
ABF-NGAB-ABAIANG KIRIBATI
ABI-KABI-ABILENE USA (TEXAS) MUNICIPAL
ABJ-DIAP-ABIDJAN IVORY COAST PORT BOUET
ABK-HADK-KABRE DARE ETHIOPIA MIL.
ABL-PAFM-AMBLER USA (ARKANSAS)
ABM-????-BAMAGA AUSTRALIA (QUEENSLAND)
ABQ-KABQ-ALBUQUERQUE USA (NEW MEXICO) INTERNATIONAL
ABR-KAPG-ABERDEEN USA (SOUTH DAKOTA)
ABS-HEBL-ABU SIMBEL EGYPT
ABU-WRKA-ATAMBUA INDONESIA HALIWEN
ABX-AMAY-ALBURY AUSTRALIA
ABY-

That's a great request! C is a foundational language in computer science. Here is a comprehensive look at C, covering its history, importance, structure, and fundamental components.
📜 History of C
C is a general-purpose, procedural computer programming language developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs.
 

• Origin: It was primarily developed to write the UNIX operating system, which was previously written in assembly language.
• Predecessors: C evolved from earlier languages:
  • ALGOL 60 (1960)
  • CPL (Combined Programming Language, 1963)
  • BCPL (Basic CPL, 1967)
  • B (developed by Ken Thompson, 1970)
• Standardization: The language was later standardized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1989, resulting in ANSI C or C89. This

This document provides a detailed, exam-ready note sheet covering essential topics in digital electronics, including key points, formulas, comparisons, and revision tips. The content is structured for quick and effective study.

R-2R Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

Definition:
A digital-to-analog converter that converts a binary input to an analog voltage using only R and 2R resistors. This design is common in ICs due to its simplicity and accuracy.

Operation:

• Each bit controls a switch connecting to Vref (1) or GND (0).
• The ladder network ensures each bit contributes a weighted current.
• Output voltage formula:

V_{out} = V_{ref} \times \frac{D}{2^n} \quad (D = \text{decimal equivalent of input})

Advantages:

• Only two resistor values, simplifying IC fabrication.

Module I: Position of Women in India

Module II: Sexual Wrongs Against Women

Key Acts and Sections Related to Sexual Crimes

National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT): An Introduction

The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is a quasi-judicial body established under the Companies Act, 2013 to consolidate and handle all matters related to company law, insolvency, and corporate disputes. It was constituted on June 1, 2016, and functions as a replacement for multiple earlier bodies such as the Company Law Board (CLB), the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR), the Appellate Authority for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (AAIFR), and High Court jurisdictions in certain corporate matters.

NCLT aims to provide speedy, efficient, and specialized adjudication in corporate matters, thereby improving the corporate governance and insolvency resolution framework... Continue reading "National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT): Functions and Role in India" »

Data Structure Trees: Fundamentals

A tree is a non-linear data structure that represents data in a hierarchical form. It consists of nodes connected by edges.

Key Tree Terminology

• Root Node: The topmost node (has no parent).
• Parent Node: A node that has child nodes.
• Child Node: Nodes that have a parent.
• Leaf Node: Nodes with no children.
• Edge: The connection between two nodes.
• Level: Distance from the root (root = level 0).
• Height: The length of the longest path from the root to a leaf.

C++ Node Structure Example

This structure defines a basic node for a binary tree:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Node {
    int data;
    Node* left;
    Node* right;

    Node(int val) {
        data = val;
        left = right = nullptr;
    }

Introduction to Industrial Control Systems

Control systems are fundamental to industrial automation, with a primary focus on Distributed Control Systems (DCS). This document covers the core components, variables, and applications of these systems.

Learning Outcomes

• Describe the components of a control system.
• Define the three types of variables associated with a control system.
• Provide examples of common control systems.
• Explain distributed control systems and their industrial applications.
• List and define components of DCS, including SCADA, communication, and alarms.

Components of an Automation System

A modern automation system is composed of several interconnected components:

• Control System: The brain of the operation, processing inputs and making

Fundamental Sorting Algorithms in C

This document provides standard C implementations for three essential comparison-based sorting algorithms: Merge Sort, Quick Sort, and Heap Sort. These examples demonstrate the core logic and structure of each algorithm.

Merge Sort Implementation

Merge Sort is a stable, divide-and-conquer algorithm known for its consistent O(n log n) time complexity.

#include <stdio.h>

void merge(int a[], int l, int m, int r) {
    int i=l, j=m+1, k=0, b[100];
    while(i<=m && j<=r) {
        if(a[i]<a[j]) b[k++]=a[i++];
        else b[k++]=a[j++];
    }
    while(i<=m) b[k++]=a[i++];
    while(j<=r) b[k++]=a[j++];
    for(i=l,k=0;i<=r;i++,k++) a[i]=b[k];
}

void mergesort(int a[], int l, int