Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other courses

Drug Trafficking Operation in Cádiz

Last year, a drug smuggling operation took place on the coast of Cádiz using boats and speedboats. The suspects were involved in drug dealing and belonged to an organized criminal group dedicated to drug trafficking that had been pursued by the Guardia Civil for a long time.

Residents alerted the Guardia Civil because the drug boats were near the coast, creating a dangerous situation. As a result, officers launched a police operation. However, the patrol boats were not as fast as the smugglers’ speedboats. During the operation, two sergeants from the Guardia Civil specialized in organized crime tragically lost their lives.

Finally, thanks to witness statements, officers identified and arrested the suspects.... Continue reading "Guardia Civil Operations and Road Safety Reports" »

Valentine's Day

True or False Statements:

• 1. True: It is also for someone you secretly love.
• 2. True: Traditionally, it involves boyfriends or girlfriends.
• 3. False: Some people give an unusual gift.
• 4. False: Valentine's Day is a popular day to get married.

Lexicon

• 1. Anonymous
• 2. Amusement
• 3. Cash
• 4. Propose

Phonetics

• 1. Custom
• 2. Greeting
• 3. /ɪd/
• 4. /s/

English Grammar Practice

• 1. Fito is thought to be a talented musician.
• 2. She asked him if he had played football with his cousin the week before.
• 3. If my girlfriend had not been very tired, she would have gone to the party.
• 4. Although the weather was good, we didn't enjoy the walk in the woods.
• 5. Jane is the most attractive person I have ever met.
• 6. Is John picking you up at the airport tomorrow?

An Exercise

The Dakota Building: History and Facts

Reading Comprehension

• 1. True: This building was built from 1880 to 1884.
• 2. True: The Dakota introduced the style of communal living to wealthy people in luxury houses.
• 3. False: The ex-Beatle had apartments in the building.
• 4. True: Chapman shot him several times.

Lexicon

• 1. Iconic
• 2. Before
• 3. Celebrities
• 4. To own

Phonetics

• 1. /s/
• 2. La primera (The first)
• 3. Life, iconic, times
• 4. People, live, meals

Use of English

• 1. The Dakota building is the most luxurious building in New York.
• 2. If Banderas had enough money, he would own an apartment in the Dakota building, but he doesn't have enough money.
• 3. Lennon
• 4. He said he would go to New York the following summer.
• 5. I wish I remembered your name.
• 6. How long has he been

Passive Voice: Statements

1. A car is going to be rented by my parents for holidays.
2. Two pens are being held nervously by Mike.
3. Laura was asked three exam questions by the teacher. / Three exam questions were asked to Laura by the teacher.
4. London is thought to be the best city in Europe. / It is thought that London is the best city in Europe.
5. Her parents will be looked after by Julia today.
6. The demonstrations may be led by the President this afternoon.
7. That meat would be frozen (by me) if I were you.
8. No se puede
9. These pearls can be hidden under the carpet.
10. Cigarettes mustn’t be smoked in this building.

Passive Voice: Questions

11. Has the lesson been understood?
12. Was the alarm clock set by John last night?
13. Which animal had you been bitten by?
14. When are his birthday

1. Sample Space: Binary Signal Example

Definition: A sample space (S) is the set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment, usually denoted by S.

Example: In digital communication, a binary signal has only two possible values: 0 and 1. Hence, the sample space is S = {0, 1}. This means every outcome of the experiment must belong to this set.

2. Event Definitions and Types

Definition: An event (E) is any subset of the sample space, representing one or more outcomes of an experiment.

Types:

• Simple Event: Contains only one outcome. Example: E = {0}
• Compound Event: Contains more than one outcome. Example: E = {0, 1}
• Impossible Event: An event that cannot occur, represented by the empty set (∅). Example: Getting a ‘2’ in a binary system.

3. Deterministic

Principles of Natural Justice

Definition and Meaning

Natural Justice refers to the basic rules of fairness that authorities must follow while taking decisions affecting the rights of people.

Purpose: It prevents arbitrary, biased, and unjust decisions.

Main Principles of Natural Justice

1. Nemo Judex in Causa Sua (Rule Against Bias)

Meaning: No person should decide a case in which he or she has a personal interest.

Types of Bias

• Personal Bias: The decision-maker has a personal relationship with a party.
• Pecuniary Bias: The decision-maker has a financial interest in the case.
• Subject Matter Bias: The decision-maker is personally connected with the subject of the dispute.
• Departmental Bias: An officer favors his or her own department.
• Policy Bias: The decision-

English Language Proficiency Practice

Grammar and Vocabulary Exercises

9) I don't know what they are offering.

10) — Where do you eat dinner?
— We eat in the dining room.

11) I'm so glad you could join us.

12) Make yourself at home.

13) — Did you work on a computer ten years ago?
— Yes, I did. I used to work on it often.

14) What isn't a symptom of the flu? Cough syrup isn't a symptom of the flu.

15) — How does the lemon juice taste?
— It's bitter.

16) — Where is "Hike in the Adirondacks" playing?
— It's playing at Bellham's. They often show documentaries in the program guide. Look on page 33.

17) — How does the chili pepper taste?
— It's spicy.

18) I'm coming home on Thursday — a single one-way ticket, please.

19) — What does Greenglass... Continue reading "English Language Proficiency Practice Questions" »

English Grammar Exercises

Exercise 2: Transforming Active to Passive Voice

Convert the following sentences from active to passive form:

• 1. Someone had stolen the school computers before everyone arrived.
  The school computers had been stolen before everyone had arrived.
• 2. Someone must have heard something.
  Something must have been heard.
• 3. Has a chef prepared all these desserts?
  Have all these desserts been prepared by a chef?
• 4. They won't give us a map, we'll have to manage by ourselves.
  Option A: We won’t be given a map, so we’ll have to manage by ourselves.
  Option B: A map won’t be given to us, so we’ll have to manage by ourselves.
• 5. They gave me the information very late, so I couldn't tell you.
  Option A: I was given the information very

Exercise 1: Logical Sentence Completion

Complete the sentences with a logical continuation. Write more than one word. Pay attention to the words in bold.

• My favourite time of the day is dawn because everything is quiet and peaceful then.
• The sea is very rough today because the wind is blowing strongly.
• The peak of the mountain was covered in snow.
• The soil here is good for growing vegetables.
• Poachers are unwanted in nature reserves because they kill protected animals.

Exercise 2: Phrasal Verbs

Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verbs from the list:

1. I’m staying over at my friend Jenny’s house tonight.
2. The river has dried up.
3. The toad turned into a prince.
4. The congress has been brought forward by a year.
5. Tourists were turned away at the

Memory Allocation Strategies

🔹 First Fit

👉 Take the first block that fits.

Example:

Blocks: 120, 450, 300, 700, 200
Processes: 250, 100, 500, 180

Step by step:

• 250 → goes into 450 → left: 200
• 100 → goes into 120 → left: 20
• 500 → goes into 700 → left: 200
• 180 → goes into 300 → left: 120

Final memory:
20, 200, 120, 200, 200

🔹 Best Fit

👉 Use the smallest block that fits.

Same example:

• 250 → 300 → left 50
• 100 → 120 → left 20
• 500 → 700 → left 200
• 180 → 200 → left 20

Final:
20, 450, 50, 200, 20

👉 Note: Causes more fragmentation (many small pieces).

🔹 Worst Fit

👉 Use the largest block.

Same example:

• 250 → 700 → left 450
• 100 → 450 → left 350
• 500 → ❌ no block large enough
• 180 → 350 → left 170

🔹 Next Fit

👉... Continue reading "Operating Systems Memory Management and Bash Scripting" »