Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other courses

Busy Work vs. Engaging Learning Activities

BUSY WORK:

Tasks JUST to keep students entertained.

Not thinking nor learning.

ENGAGING LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Activities that get the student involved in his learning and foment cognitive learning.  We are actually learning something.

Misbehavior: Examples & How to Deal

• Examples of Misbehavior:
  • Class disruption
  • Not following the rules
  • Talk out of context
• How to Deal:
  • Give responsibility
  • Give clear instructions
  • Be firm, not rude
  • Reprimand privately
  • Give reinforcers

Classroom Layout & Seating Arrangements

Classroom layout and seating arrangements can affect learning in several ways:

• Affects interaction
• Affects eye-to-eye contact
• Affects board access
• Affects the teacher's attention to students
• Affects teacher's supervision

Common

Connected and Disconnected Graphs

A graph is connected if any two vertices of the graph are connected by a path. Conversely, a graph is disconnected if at least two vertices are not connected by a path.

If a graph G is disconnected, then every maximal connected subgraph of G is called a connected component of graph G.

Dense and Sparse Graphs

A dense graph is a graph in which the number of edges is close to the maximal possible number of edges.

A sparse graph is a graph in which the number of edges is close to the minimal possible number of edges. A sparse graph can be a disconnected graph.

Key Characteristics and Comparison

• Informally, a graph with relatively few edges is sparse, and a graph with many edges is dense.
• Sparse graphs are sparsely connected

Binary Search Tree (BST)

Binary search tree (BST) is a tree in which all nodes follow the below mentioned properties:

1. The left sub-tree of a node has a key less than or equal to its parent node's key.
2. The right sub-tree of a node has a key greater than or equal to its parent node's key.
3. Binary search tree (BST) divides all its sub-trees into two segments: left sub-tree and right sub-tree and can be defined as left_subtree (keys) ≤ node (key) ≤ right_subtree (keys).

Red-Black Tree

A red-black tree is a binary search tree in which each node is colored red or black. The root is black. The children of a red node are black. Every path from the root to leaf has the same number of black nodes and all leaves are black.

AVL Tree

Adelson, Velski & Landis

Medical English Phrases for Nurses

Questions and Answers

If a patient tells you "the pain never goes away", what does he mean?

The pain is constant.

¿En qué parte cambia de color? Find the English word that means:

A bruising / Find the English word that means

"The period worked by a group of nurses"?

Shift / I told the nurse that

My symptoms were dizziness, sickness and constipation?

I felt dizzy, sick and constipated.

Choose the correct statement about the nursing grades in the UK:

• Student nurses, who are still in training, get the lowest pay, but they don't stay at the bottom of the pay scale forever.

Linda dijo a la enfermera: se había dado un golpe el día antes, ¿qué síntomas podría tener?

Bruising, aching and swelling.

How do you say in English

The Liberation of South America

The Latin American independence movement was a significant struggle, often compared to the American Revolution. While both events shared similarities, key differences also existed.

Similarities:

• Both were led by well-educated elites.
• Both aimed to overthrow the rule of a mother country.
• Both were large-scale civil wars.
• Both benefited from foreign assistance.

Differences:

• Unlike the American Revolution, the Latin American struggle lacked a unified direction or strategy due to vast distances, geographical obstacles, and economic and cultural isolation between countries.
• Latin American countries faced prolonged struggles against Spain's power and numerous internal and external challenges.

The struggle for independence had... Continue reading "Simón Bolívar and the Liberation of South America" »

The Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire

Early Encounters and Exploration

In 1518, a disturbing report reached the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán: white-faced men were approaching from the sea. King Moctezuma, filled with dismay, wondered if these strangers could be the returning god Quetzalcóatl.

These men were part of an expedition led by Juan de Grijalva, sent by Diego Velásquez, the governor of Cuba, to explore the coasts discovered by Francisco Hernández de Córdoba. Grijalva's expedition traded gold with the Aztecs, confirming the existence of a wealthy kingdom.

Hernán Cortés and the March to Tenochtitlán

Velásquez, eager to conquer this new land, chose Hernán Cortés to lead a third expedition. Cortés, a skilled soldier and strategist,... Continue reading "The Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire: A Pivotal Moment in History" »

The Rise of the Inca Empire

Around 1500, during the mid-fourteenth century, a small tribe rose from obscurity in the highlands of modern Peru to create one of the mightiest empires of Ancient America.

Early Inca Life and Development

• Around 2500 BCE, they had a village life. Their traditions originated on the coast, based on fishing, cultivating, and food gathering.
• After centuries of simple village life, a strong cultural advance began about 900 BCE, associated with progress in agriculture due to population pressure.

Cultural and Technological Advancements

• They developed a distinctive style in building, art, and ceramics, called Chavín.
• The Mochica culture built pyramids, temples, and large irrigation canals, evolving into a highly complex society.

The Mexica were the last group of the Chichimecs to arrive in the Valley of Mexico.

Early History

• Their departure from the north was around 1111 CE. They arrived in the Valley of Mexico around 1218.
• They called themselves Mexica, not "Aztec."
• Initially, they were a small community composed of groups called calpulli.
• Population growth led to the adoption of chinampas (garden beds) for growing maize, beans, potatoes, tomatoes, and other products.
• Fishing and hunting supplemented their agriculture.
• Their advanced agriculture and military strength enabled them to build a successful state and later, an empire.

The Triple Alliance and Tenochtitlan

• Many years after founding their city, Tenochtitlan, the Mexica formed an alliance with Texcoco and Tlacopan.
• This

The Maya Civilization

The Maya were one of the most dominant indigenous societies of Mesoamerica. They were from a region that consisted of portions of Mexico, almost all Guatemala, the western part of Honduras, all of Belize, and the western part of El Salvador.

Development in Petén

- They attained their highest development in an area called Petén, which is a region of Guatemala, at the base of the Yucatán Peninsula.

Population Peak

- At its peak, the Maya population may have reached 2,000,000.

Characteristics

- They were established in the Pre-Classic period (2000 BC to AD 250) and were characterized by their many developments and discoveries.

- They demonstrated great abilities in architecture, sculpture, painting, mathematics, and astronomy.... Continue reading "Maya Civilization: Achievements, Decline, and Mysteries" »

Hey Soul Sister - Train

Song Lyrics

Verse 1

Hey-ay Hey-ay-AY-ay-ay Hey-ay-AY-ay-ay

Your lipstick stains on the front lobe of my left side brains

I knew I wouldn't forget you and so I went and let you blow my mind

Your sweet moonbeam, the smell of you in every single dream I dream

I knew when we collided, you're the one I have decided who's one of a kind

Chorus

Hey soul sister, ain't that mister mister on the radio stereo?

The way you move ain't fair, you know

Hey soul sister, I don't want to miss a single thing you do

Tonight, Hey-ay Hey-ay-AY-ay-ay Hey-ay-AY-ay-ay

Verse 2

Just in ti-i-i-ime, I'm so glad you have a one-track mind like me

You gave my love direction, a game show love connection we can't deny-i-iii

I'm so obsessed, my heart is bound to beat right... Continue reading "Hey Soul Sister - Train Song Lyrics" »