Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other courses

Tray Tower Operation Issues

1. Flooding: Excessive vapor flow reduces separation efficiency.
2. Weeping: Insufficient vapor flow causes liquid leakage and poor mass transfer.
3. Foaming: Stable foam reduces mass transfer efficiency.
4. Entrainment: High vapor velocities carry liquid droplets, causing inefficiencies.

Packed Column Hydrodynamics

1. Liquid Distribution: Uniform distribution is crucial; poor distribution leads to channeling.
2. Pressure Drop: Lower than tray columns, but can increase with improper packing.
3. Flooding: Excess gas flow reduces efficiency.
4. Loading Point: Gas velocity causes resistance to liquid flow, increasing pressure drop.

Agitator Types

• Propeller Agitators: For low-viscosity liquids, providing axial flow.
• Turbine Agitators: For a wide range

Key Mergers & Acquisitions

• Etihad Airways and Jet Airways
• Sun Pharma and Ranbaxy
• Wal-Mart and Flipkart

Section 26 (1) of the Competition Act

On receipt of a reference from the Central/State Government, statutory authority, or upon its knowledge/information (under section 19), if the Commission believes a prima facie case exists, it shall direct the Director General to investigate.

Relevant Cases

• CCI v. Steel Authority of India Ltd

Section 27(b): Penalties

The Commission may impose penalties, not exceeding 10% of the average turnover for the last three financial years, upon enterprises party to anti-competitive agreements or abuse of dominance.

Relevant Cases

• Excel Crop Care Ltd v. CCI

Section 3(3): Anti-Competitive Agreements

Agreements that cause or... Continue reading "Understanding Competition Law in India: Key Cases and Concepts" »

1. TCP Congestion Control

Slow Start: TCP initializes congestion window (cwnd) to a small size and doubles it every Round Trip Time (RTT) until a loss occurs (exponential growth) or the slow start threshold is reached.

Congestion Avoidance: After reaching the threshold, cwnd is incremented by one segment for each RTT, growing linearly to avoid congestion.

Fast Recovery: When triple duplicate ACKs are detected, TCP halves the cwnd and reduces the slow start threshold to half of the cwnd size before the loss, then transitions to congestion avoidance.

2. TCP RTT and Timeout

Estimating RTT: Uses Smoothed Round Trip Time (SRTT) which is a weighted average of previous RTT measurements.

Timeout Calculation: Often calculated as Timeout=SRTT+4×RTT

Different Approaches to Textual Data Analysis

1. Narrative Analysis

A narrative is essentially what is depicted and represented through an interview or a document.

2. Grounded Theory

An approach to develop theory inductively from textual data.

3. Discourse Analysis and Content Analysis

These are two distinct but related approaches to analyzing text and discourse.

Main Textual Analysis Methods for International Relations

• Content Analysis
• Discourse Analysis
• Process Tracing

Qualitative Content Analysis

Qualitative content analysis is an economical text analysis procedure. It involves counting and quantifying elements in qualitative data.

Steps of Content Analysis

1. Data Collection: Create a corpus of data by selecting relevant texts, images, or other data sources.

Spaghetti Carbonara

Utensils and Ingredients

Utensils

• Large pot
• Large skillet
• Colander
• Large bowl
• Whisk or fork
• Tongs or a pasta fork
• Spoon or ladle

Ingredients:

• 400g spaghetti
• 200g pancetta or bacon, diced
• 4 large eggs
• 1 cup grated Parmesan cheese
• 4 cloves garlic, minced
• Salt and black pepper to taste
• 2 tablespoons olive oil
• Chopped parsley for garnish (optional)

Instructions

1.

Boil the Spaghetti

Start by boiling a large pot of salted water. While waiting, dice the pancetta, mince the garlic, and grate the Parmesan cheese.

2.

Cook the Spaghetti

Once the water boils, add the spaghetti and cook until al dente. Once cooked, reserve about a cup of pasta water before draining.

3.

Sauté the Pancetta and Garlic

In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add... Continue reading "Classic Spaghetti Carbonara Recipe" »

Negotiation Styles

• Shark: Win/lose strategy. They are aggressive, competitive, uncreative, and individualistic. They assume that they have the best and only possible solution. They have no ability to take risks with different options or to learn from mistakes. They have difficulties in social relationships.
• Dolphin: Win/win strategy. They consider several options. They do not waste time with emotional issues. They are friendly and thoughtful. They feed and promote good relationships.
• Fox: They get results. They are reserved, manipulative, and friendly. They have a low level of honesty and ethics. They are cheat negotiators.
• Deer: They feed and promote relationships. They avoid conflict and flee before a threatening situation. They do not share

Characteristics of Entrepreneurship

• Economic and Dynamic Activity
• Related to Innovation
• Profit Potential
• It is a Continuous Process
• Risk Bearing
• Entrepreneurship is a Philosophy
• Discipline

Need and Importance

• Development of Managerial Capabilities
• Creation of Organization
• Improve Standards of Living
• Means of Economic Development

Types of Entrepreneurs

• Innovative Entrepreneur
• Imitating Entrepreneur
• Fabian Entrepreneur
• Drone Entrepreneur

Qualities of an Entrepreneur

• Innovativity
• Extremely Energetic
• Self-Confidence
• Risk Taker
• Future-Oriented
• Responsible
• Decision Taker
• Collective Analysis of Facts
• Flexibility

Functions of Entrepreneurship

• Risk Bearing
• Organizational
• Innovative
• Managerial
• Decision Making

Role of Entrepreneur in Small Business

• Wealth Creation
• Create Jobs
• Balanced Regional

The Benefits and Challenges of Being a Talented or Dedicated Teenager

Being an unusually talented or dedicated teenager comes with several perks. Firstly, it offers the opportunity for early success in both professional and academic realms. Exceptional abilities can lead to standing out in extracurricular activities and securing scholarships, paving the way to esteemed universities. Additionally, dedication can serve as a beacon of inspiration, fostering leadership skills and problem-solving abilities from a young age. Furthermore, cultivating such talents often facilitates the formation of a robust network of contacts, which can prove invaluable in the future.

The Flip Side: Pressure and Stress

However, the flip side of exceptional talent or... Continue reading "Talent & Dedication in Teens: Benefits & Challenges" »

Passive Voice

Present Simple

• Buy----is/are/am bought
• Is/are/am buying----is/are/am being bought

Past Simple

• Bought----was/were bought
• Was/Were buying ----was/were being bought

Present Perfect

• Have/has bought----Have/Has been bought
• Had bought----Had been bought

Future Simple

• Will buy----Will be bought
• Will be buying----will be being bought

Future Perfect

• Will have bought----Will have been bought

Going to Future

• Is/am/are going to buy----Is/am/are going to be bought

Conditional

• Would buy----Would be bought

Modal Verbs

• can/could/may/might/will/would/should/must/ought to/shall buy----Can... be bought
• Can... have bought----Can have been bought
• Have/Has to buy----Has/Have to be bought

Impersonal Passive

1. It+Passive verb+ That (sub sentence)
2. Subject+ Passive verb+ to (infinitive)

Recursive Binary Tree Traversals

Inorder Traversal:

void inorder(struct node *root)
{
  if(root != NULL)
  {
    inorder(root->left);
    printf("%d\t", root->data);
    inorder(root->right);
  }
}

Preorder Traversal:

void preorder(struct node *root)
{
  if(root != NULL)
  {
    printf("%d\t", root->data);
    preorder(root->left);
    preorder(root->right);
  }
}

Postorder Traversal:

void postorder(struct node *root)
{
  if(root != NULL)
  {
    postorder(root->left);
    postorder(root->right);
    printf("%d\t", root->data);
  }
}

Linked List Operations

Search

void search(struct node *head,int key)
{
  struct node *temp = head;
  while(temp != NULL)
  {
    if(temp->data == key)
      printf("key found");
    temp =