Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Language

Entrepreneurship

An entrepreneur is a person who pursues an opportunity, often commercially driven, to bring a new product or service to market with limited resources and high risk. The process of creating a new business is entrepreneurship, also defined as organizing limited resources to capitalize on a business opportunity.

Characteristics of Entrepreneurs

Curious, flexible and adaptable, persistent, passionate, willing to learn, visionary, motivated.

Types of Entrepreneurs

• Intrapreneur: An employee who is tasked with developing an innovative idea or project within a company, with a bit less freedom and higher risk.
• Social Entrepreneur: Interested in starting a business for the greater social good and not just the pursuit of profits.
• Scalable Startup

Profile Options

• Attachment: Mail merges for welcome letters.
• Changes: Tracking modifications made to profiles.
• CC: Credit card information management.
• History: Stay information, including past visits and revenue from items purchased.
• Merge: Consolidate duplicate profiles into a single record to unify history.
• Negotiated Rates: Access company rate queries to expedite reservations using specific rate codes.
• Notes: Add general or background notes to improve guest accommodation.
• Preferences: Record likes and dislikes, such as room features, floor location, interests, and smoking status.
• Privacy: Manage consent for promotional information and mailings.
• Relationship: Define associations between two companies.

Reservations

• RTC: Premium room assignment without

Getting Around Tokyo & Kyoto

Understanding Tokyo's Address System

While you can often plug in your destination's name into a map, understanding Tokyo's address system can be incredibly helpful. Tokyo is divided into "cities" (e.g., Chuo-ku, Shinjuku-ku), which are further divided into neighborhoods and then smaller numbered districts called "chome." An address typically consists of a word followed by three numbers.

Thankfully, maps are readily available at train stations and on main thoroughfares. These maps, along with numbered lampposts, can help you navigate. However, be prepared for a bit of a challenge, as building numbers are assigned based on their construction order, not consecutively.

Tips for Navigating Tokyo's Streets

Tokyo can be

1. Before They Were Presidents: Fact Check

Read and study the information from the reading “Before They Were Presidents”:

• A. Andrew Johnson: Andrew Johnson never went to school at all.
• B. Teddy Roosevelt: Teddy Roosevelt was born into a wealthy family.
• C. John Quincy Adams: At the age of 14, he acted as an interpreter for the U.S. diplomat negotiating with Russia’s Catherine the Great.
• D. Abraham Lincoln: Abraham spent most of his days working on his father’s farm.

2. The Fir Tree: Comprehension Questions

1. What was the only wish of the young fir tree? He wanted to be as tall as the fully-grown trees.
2. How did the young fir tree feel when the other trees left him? Unhappy.
3. Why was the young fir tree cut down? To become a Christmas tree.
4. What happened

Essential Boating Safety Checklist

Before Fueling Your Boat:

• Dock boat securely.
• Passengers disembark.
• Check fuel lines and vents.
• Shut off engine.
• Shut off all fuel valves.
• Close windows and doors.
• After fueling, turn on ventilation system for 4 minutes.

Navigation Rules and Guidelines

Right of Way:

• Starboard: Refers to the right side of the boat.
• Power vs. Power: Both vessels keep to the right.
• Power vs. Sail: Power-driven vessel gives way to the sailing vessel.
• Crossing Situations (Power vs. Power): The vessel on the operator's left gives way.
• Overtaking: The vessel overtaking another is the give-way vessel.

Understanding Navigation Lights

• Nighttime: Red light indicates the left side of the vessel.
• Masthead Light: White light on all power-driven vessels.
• Only

Presumptions

Linguistic Presumption (LP)

The hearer is presumed capable of determining the meaning and the referents of the expression uttered.

Communicative Presumption (CP)

Unless there is evidence to the contrary, a speaker is assumed to be speaking with some identifiable communicative intent.

Presumption of Literalness (PL)

Unless there is evidence to the contrary, a speaker is assumed to be speaking literally

Conversational Presumptions (ConPs):

• Relevance: The speaker's remarks are relevant to the conversation.
• Sincerity: The speaker is being sincere.
• Truthfulness: The speaker is attempting to say something true.
• Quantity: The speaker contributes the appropriate amount of information.
• Quality: The speaker has adequate evidence for what they say.

Strategies

Linguistic Concepts

2. (1.5p) Define the following concepts as they have been used in this course, giving an example of each:

Meronymy

Meronymy is the semantic relation between a lexical item denoting a part and that denoting the corresponding whole. Meronyms are mentally triggered, since our minds have scripts, e.g., knowledge about event sequences due to knowledge of the world. We have scripts for events that commonly occur in our lives, such as going to a doctor's office, a restaurant, a library, or the supermarket.

Converses

Converses are pairs of opposite terms characterized by the following feature: when one member of the pair is substituted for the other, the new sentence can be made logically equivalent to the original one by interchanging... Continue reading "Linguistic Concepts: Definitions and Examples" »

Core Hotel Management System Features

"Why?" That was Thomas Edison's favorite question from the time he learned to talk. He spent his whole life exploring why and how things work. And once he knew how something worked, he tried to figure out how to make it better.

Although he was smart and curious, he did not do well in school. In those days, students memorized facts, but he wanted to ask questions and explore.

"Why?" That was Thomas Edison's favorite question from the time he learned to talk. He spent his whole life exploring why and how things work. And once he knew how something worked, he tried to figure out how to make it better.

Although he was smart and curious, he did not do well in school. In those days, students memorized facts, but he wanted to ask questions and explore.... Continue reading "Thomas Edison: A Life of Innovation and Curiosity" »

Key Concepts in Phonology

Phoneme:

The smallest contrastive unit of sound in a language (e.g., /m/, /n/ in map vs. nap).

Allophone:

A phonetic variant of a phoneme.

Assimilation:

A common phonological process where one sound becomes more like a nearby sound (e.g., not bad often pronounced as nop bad).

Elision:

The complete loss or omission of a sound (e.g., nex(t) day).

Liaison:

The pronunciation of a word-final consonant due to a following vowel sound (e.g., far away).

Understanding Prosody and Stress

Prosody refers to the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech. Stress can be categorized into three types: primary, secondary, or reduced/unstressed.

Rhythm Types: Syllabic vs. Accentual

• Spanish (Syllabic Language): Each syllable has a similar duration. The