Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for History

The Rise of the National Socialist Party

Not believing Germany lost the war, he joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party. Their core ideology was based on three pillars:

• 1. Society has to be united to make Germany a great nation.
• 2. A totalitarian state: prioritizing the interest and the good of the state.
• 3. Aryans (the master race) vs. non-Aryans.

Their ideas were racist, anti-Semitic, nationalist, anti-communist, and anti-democratic. In November 1923, the Nazis launched the Beer Hall Putsch, and Hitler was arrested.

Consolidation of Power and the Enabling Acts

Later, the party was reorganized as a fanatical mass movement. The Nazis became the biggest party. In 1933, Hitler was named Chancellor. The first act was to use the burning of... Continue reading "Rise of the Nazi Party and the Path to World War II" »

3, The cultural legacy of the feudal system: pilgrimages and crusades.

Countries, Nationalities, and Languages

This table provides a list of countries, their corresponding nationalities, and the languages spoken in each country.

Impressionism: Monet, Renoir, Degas, Rodin

Post-impressionism: Cézanne, Gaudin, Van Gogh

Fauvism: Matisse

Expressionism: Munch, Kirchner

Cubism: analytic or Synthetic. Picasso, Braque

The forms of colonial rule→ mayor imperialist power were GB and France. Soon joined by Germany, Italy, Russia, Belgium, Spain and US and Japan. Diverse forms of colonial rule: -concessions were commercial advantages, the transfer of ports and trade. -Protectors maintained their indigenous. -Governments, but the colonial strength-controlled policy, the army and exploitation of certain territories that were India and Egypt. -Colonies where territories under the sovereignty of such metropole. Position controlled strategic points. -Settler colonialism large scale settling... Continue reading "Steps to war - aggression by japan, italy and germany 1931-1939" »

The Worcester Chronicle: 11th Century England

A Pivotal Historical Source

This fragment is from a bilingual edition of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, one of only two sources documenting English history from the Roman period to the Norman Conquest. It was originally written in Old English, the language introduced to England by Anglo-Saxon culture.

During the 9th century, King Alfred the Great promoted Old English as a literary and cultural language (Latin had, until then, been considered of higher value). He organized the Scholarly Circle, which began translating and writing in Old English for the first time. As a result, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle was compiled: a historical chronicle written year by year, organized into annals, containing a vast amount... Continue reading "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: 11th Century England & Norman Conquest" »

Joseph Pulitzer: Pioneer of Popular Press

Born in Hungary in 1847, Joseph Pulitzer, a Jewish immigrant, initially sought to join European armies but was unsuccessful. At 17, he left home for the USA, intending to fight in the American Civil War, but arrived after its conclusion.

His career began at the Westliche Post, a German-language newspaper for immigrants in St. Louis, Missouri. By age 20, he had obtained American citizenship. He then joined the St. Louis Dispatch, where he honed sensationalist techniques. Soon after, he purchased the Dispatch and merged it with the Evening Post, creating the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

Shaping Sensationalism and Reform

This newspaper became the platform where he developed the journalistic formula that brought... Continue reading "Titans of American Journalism: Pulitzer and Hearst's Enduring Legacy" »

Italian Unification

Background

In 1848, Italy was divided into seven kingdoms. There was a strong desire to unify the country, but discussions arose about who should lead the process:

• The Pope (Pius IX) was considered, but he refused to fight against the Austrians.
• The King of Piedmont, governed by the House of Savoy, was the other option.

Ultimately, the House of Savoy was chosen to lead the unification process.

1st Stage (1859-1861)

Piedmont, under its Prime Minister Cavour, secured the support of France (Napoleon III) in exchange for Nice and Savoy. The Austrians were defeated in Magenta and Solferino, leading to the annexation of Lombardy and Central Italy by the Italians. In the south, Garibaldi, with his "Thousand Red Shirts" (or "Expedition... Continue reading "Italian and German Unification in the 19th Century" »

PSOE Members Overwhelmingly Approve Coalition with Unidas Podemos

The militants of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) have approved this Saturday by an overwhelming majority the agreement signed between Pedro Sanchez and Pablo Iglesias for a coalition government of the Socialist party with Unidas Podemos.

The agreement of the Socialists with the formation of Iglesias last November 12 has obtained the support of 92% of the militants who have voted, as reported by socialist sources to 98% of the scrutiny.

PSOE Consultation Results

The consultation of the bases, which is binding, according to the federal statutes of the PSOE, has had a participation of 63%, almost 12 points higher than the 2016 consultation when the PSOE asked the militancy... Continue reading "PSOE Members Approve Coalition with Unidas Podemos" »

Foundations of British North American Colonies

Initial Settlement and Land Ownership

When did the English first settle in North America? 1607.

Who owned the newly colonized land? Proprietors.

The English Crown did not want to spend money colonizing new lands, so they offered the opportunity to proprietors to colonize using their own funds.

Defining Salutary Neglect

What is Salutary Neglect? Britain allowing the colonies to govern themselves with minimal interference.

Egalitarianism and Settler Equality

Were all settlers equal in North America? Yes, because it was an egalitarian society. Everybody had the same rights and opportunities, and they earned their own reputation.

What does egalitarian mean? Egalitarian means that people were equal between them,... Continue reading "Early American Colonization: Society, Politics, and Costs" »