Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Geography

Multinational Companies

Germany: Siemens (electrical), Ford, Mannesmann (tools)

Italy: Pirelli (rubber), Dell'Aqua

Japan: NEC Corporation (tech & communication)

Greece: Rally Brothers

US: Singer (sewing machine), International Harvester, Swift and Co (meat), ITT (communication)

UK: British Petroleum, South Sea Company (trade), EIC (trade), Levant Company (trade), Royal African Company

France: Saint Gobain (glass), Suez Canal Company

Spain: Grifols+Esteve (pharmaceutical), Roca, Cirsa (casinos), Ficosa (cars), Puig (perfumes), Catalana Occident (insurance), Celsa (construction)

Effects of World War

• Restrictions in trade
• Blockades
• Decrease in world trade
• Liquidation of foreign owned assets in war-involved countries
• Differences in prices and expensive shipping

VOCABULARY

UNIT 1

• Technological park
• Global warming
• Outskirts of the city
• Rainforests
• Young people
• Glaciers
• Pedestrianised area
• Sea ice
• Quality of life
• Sea levels
• New Projects
• Coral reefs
• Temperature
• Drought
• Extreme weather

UNIT 2

• Gateways
• Bottle
• Box
• Tin
• Carton
• Jar
• Packet
• Pot
• Tube
• Aluminium
• Cardboard
• Glass
• Metal
• Paper
• Plastic

UNIT 3

• International hub
• Specialised pole
• Regional pole
• Established capitals
• Re-invented capitals
• Knowledge hubs
• Profit
• Unemployment
• Poverty
• Famine
• War social situation
• Common sense
• Writing lines
• Detention
• Exclusion
• Swearing
• Suspension
• Hitting
• Not doing homework
• Bullying

A habit

Skill

A reminder

To delete

Terrible

To divide

A backup

Population Dynamics

Key Population Concepts

Population: The number of people inhabiting a particular place, influenced by physical environment, settlement patterns, economic activities, and history.

Population Density: The total number of inhabitants in a territory (absolute population) divided by the area it occupies in square kilometers.

Natality: The number of births in a population over a year.

Mortality: The number of deaths in a population over a year.

Birth Rate: The ratio of live births in a year to the average total population of that year.

Death Rate: The ratio of deaths to the population of a particular area during a specific period.

Life Expectancy: The average period a person may expect to live.

Migratory Change: Population movements to... Continue reading "Understanding Population Dynamics: Distribution, Growth, and Composition" »

2 Core Elements of industrial activitie (I). Raw materials

2.1. Industrial raw materials

According To their origin they can be classified as plant animal or geological matter.

-Plant sourced Raw materias; They are obtained from agriculture and silviculture.

-Animal Sourced raw materials; They are provide by livestock farming also from the Fishing industrie.

-Geological Raw materials; they are extracted from the Earth´s crust, Minerals from which Metals can be obtained and non-metalic materials, minerals represent the Largest quantity and variety of industrial raw materials. Rocks suchs as Granite, which are used directly or for manufacturing construction materials. Energy products, such as coal, crude oil, natural gas and uranium from which Energy

Britain's Industrial Revolution: Why First?

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid-18th century due to several converging factors:

• A political system where the power of the monarchy had been limited by Parliament since the 17th century.
• Significant population growth, which led to a rise in demand for goods and services.
• An abundance of natural resources and raw materials, including coal and iron.
• An extensive transport network of rivers and canals, facilitating trade and movement of goods.
• A vast colonial empire that provided easy access to raw materials and new markets.

Impact of the Enclosure Acts

A series of laws known as the Enclosure Acts were passed by the British Parliament to authorize the consolidation of scattered landholdings... Continue reading "Britain's Industrial Revolution: Key Drivers & Impacts" »

Causes of the Change of Urban-Rural Fringe:

• Cheaper land
• Less traffic congestion
• Easier access and better road infrastructure
• A pleasant environment with more open space

Type of Land Used:

• Housing
• Science and business parks, supermarkets, retail parks, and shopping centres
• Hotels and conference centres, offices, motorways
• Recreational areas such as parks and sports stadiums

Traffic:

Population structure, social, housing, services, transport, employment, environment

Solutions:

• Park and ride schemes:
  • Allow private car owners living in rural areas to travel where other public transport systems are unviable
  • Provides free car parking mainly at specially provided bus terminals
  • Provides efficient public transport within urban areas
  • Reduces traffic and pollution
• Short

Primary Sector

The primary sector involves activities related to obtaining natural resources for manufacturing or food:

• Agriculture
• Livestock farming
• Forestry
• Fishing

Secondary Sector

The secondary sector involves manufacturing raw materials and producing capital goods:

• Mining
• Industrial activities
• Construction
• Energy production

Tertiary Sector

The tertiary or service sector includes all the activities that produce intangible goods and services:

• Commerce
• Tourism
• Transport and communications
• Services

Steeps

Production, distribution, consumption

Factors

Natural resources, capital, labour

Agents

Households, government, businesses

In the second half of the 15th century, Europe entered a period of demographic and economic recovery. During this time, the bourgeoisie prospered and the monarchy became a more powerful force.

Environmental Issues

Nuclear Waste Management

1. Managers of nuclear plants are irresponsible about nuclear waste.
2. Managers of nuclear plants are not satisfied with the disposal of nuclear waste.

B.Answer the following questions in your own words.1. What happens when nuclear waste is buried in the ground?
They damage the soil for a long time......................................................................

2. Why is the air polluted in London?

For the amount of smoke produced by factories and cars...........................................

3. What is happening to wildlife as a result of the destruction of the rain forests?

Its natural environment is destroyed and many species become extinct........................

C.Rewrite the following sentence