Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Geography

4.2. Economic inequalities.

·Developed countries:

High investment in Research and Development.

Advanced and modern technology.

Access to large markets with a high demand.

Very competitive.

They buy raw materials and sell manufactured products.

Positive Comercial Balance.

Green sources of energy.

Industries more respectful with the environment.

·Emerging countries:

Foreign investment.

Modern technology

Most of the profits go to foreign countries.

Cheap labour and low salaries.

Increasing market, but still not very structured and with a low demand.

Investment in infrastructures.

Technology less respectful with the environment.

Possitive Comercial Balance.

·Underdeveloped countries:

Lack of investment in Research and Development.

Lack of infrastructures, transport... Continue reading "The secondaty sector" »

According to experts, the Venezuelan economy started to go bad when Chavez took power, and everything worsened when Chavez died and Maduro

took the presidency.

 As a consequence of socialist policies, 4 million people left Venezuela, mainly young people, which is seen in the surveys. The main things is that there

are no job opportunities, precarious conditions and a minimum salary of 2 dollars.

The young people who stay are because they usually have nationalistic feelings, which is reflected in the protests where the majority are young, who ask

to be freed from the socialist murderer.

While the United States is a prosperous country, which thanks to its President Donald Trump is increasingly a nation with a better economy. His minimum

wage is $ 7

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Today I come to talk about a very important topic, what is pollution. Today many of the products we consume and the industries that produce them generate pollution. We find air pollution in the air we breathe, in our food, in our clothes and cosmetics… Furthermore, plastic has literally flooded our lives. Pollution is not a long-term problem but it is currently affecting each one of us, for example air pollution that causes respiratory diseases, or deforestation that kills our fauna and vegetation.

The accumulated waste in our seas has become tons and tons. All of our beautiful cities, with our beautiful beaches, our incredible market stalls, could disappear. That is why we must reduce waste, nuclear energy, oil ... All this can be achieved... Continue reading "sswsss" »

Global Systems

Distinguish space from place and explain why these concepts matter to geographers
Space – The physical locations of events and phenomena. Where things can occur often represented on maps
Place – Space is organized into places often thought of as bounded settings in which social relations and identity are constituted.
- For environmental invasive projects, such as pipelines it is important to consider the place and what social relations are ongoing in that space.

Role of population, consumption (affluence) and technology as drivers of environmental change – including the consequences of prioritizing one over others

More people, more resources needed, therefore more pollutants
Consumption(Affluence) – Consumption per person

Growth of International Trade

Increased due to the growth in industrial production, the improvement of transport systems, and construction of tunnels and canals. Dynamite enabled the construction of large tunnels through mountainous areas and also made it possible to build huge canals.

Industrial Development in Spain

It was slower than in the rest of Europe. Foreign companies invested capital in mining. The most industrialized areas continued to be Catalonia and the Basque Country. The expansion of the railway network helped the growth of the iron and steel industry.

Anti-Colonial Protest

In some colonies, indigenous people revolted against European exploitation and the disregard for their traditional cultural values. In colonizing countries, socialist... Continue reading "Growth of International Trade and Industrial Development in Spain" »

across the world

the biggests changes in countries´ economies over the last few years have occurred in the tertiary sector, or the service sector

tourism is the movement of people from their place of residence for a limited time for recreational or leisure prposes

torism can be for cultural, recreational or relaxation purposes, or a comboination of all three, depending on the length and distance travelled

in spain

76& of workforce, divided between the punlic and the private sectors

government, the administration of justice and public safety-public sector

education and healthcare-extremely important-free access to both is guaranteed by the state for all Spanish citizens

banking-provides money needed to aquire goodsor to start up comnpanies

transport... Continue reading "Concept of education" »

- Serf: A person who serves a lord and works in exchange for protection.

- Lord: A noble who provides protection and rules the land.

- Vassal: Lesser nobles/peasants who provide a service for protection.

- Arabs: The dominant social group who owned large states (latifundia).

- Berbers: They had converted to Islam and worked as livestock farmers, agricultural workers, or soldiers. They felt discriminated against.

- Muladíes: Natives of the peninsula who had converted to Islam. Most of them worked in agriculture.

- Mozarabs: Natives of the peninsula who had not converted to Islam and maintained their Christian beliefs.

- Bellatores: Those who wage war and defend the rest of society in times of war.

- Oratores: Those who pray and guarantee the salvation... Continue reading "Feudalism and Social Groups in Medieval Times" »

-Problems: >Oligarchism and caciquism (a way to manipulate the results of election though some local governors or social leaders that used different ways,such as buying votes,arbitrary restrictions or the suffrage):marginalization of other parties from the power(democrats,republicans,carlist,socialists).The 2 main parties controlled the elections through oligarchist and caciques. >Radicalisation of the opposition to the system:working class association,socialism,anarchism.Sometimes with terrorism and 'magnicidio'(assassinations) (Cánovas y Canalejas) >Nationalism:they come from Carlism,were fear to industrialisation,were opposed to the central power and were against the centralisation;In Catalonia:Liga Regionalista and Unió Catalanista;... Continue reading "Iron and steel industry -China" »

Chemical Plant Emissions and Violations

In Bahrain, chemical plants have been found to emit harmful pollutants into the atmosphere, violating environmental regulations.

Measures Implemented in Industries

To address air pollution, measures have been implemented in various industries, including:

• Reducing sulfur content in diesel fuel
• Recycling and converting carbon dioxide into useful products

Untreated Water Discharge

Chemical factories have also been inspected for discharging untreated water into the surrounding environment, violating environmental standards.

Waste Management Laws

Bahrain has enacted laws to manage hazardous waste, including:

• Management of hazardous healthcare waste
• Management of hazardous waste from factories and industries

Chemical Substances