Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Geography

SEA AND OCEAN CONTAMINATION

As we can see in the news and society, the oceans and seas are completely contaminated. The principal cause is humans. This has a lot of consequences in the ecosystem. There are different types of contamination, like the plastic droop in the ocean, factories, rubbish, ships fuel, etc.

This causes have negative consequences:

• The problem of the plastic is that the animals mix up with their food and when they eat that plastic, they die. Also affects when moving in the water, they make injury with plastics and can cause death.
• Because of the ships fuel pouring, the water contaminates, making ocean animals sick. Then if humans eat that fish with a disease, it can cause death in that person.
• Also, the plastic contamination

- Period= 1780- 1850/ 1850- 1945

Ancient Civilizations of Mesoamerica

Maya Civilization (200-900 A.D.)

• One of two highly organized civilizations in Mexico/Central America.
• Ruled by religious leaders.
• Known for building pyramids and large palaces.

Aztec Empire

• Another highly organized culture from Mexico/Central America.
• Main city: Tenochtitlan.
• Developed terraced slopes to prevent soil erosion.

Key Historical Events

Mexican Independence (1821)

Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.

Key Terms and Concepts

Latifundista: Large Estates

A latifundista refers to a great estate in Latin America or Spain.

Transculturation: Cultural Blending

The process where two cultures come together and produce a new one. An example is the Mestizos.

Caribbean Nations and Influences

Jamaica: British Influence

Jamaica'... Continue reading "Latin America & Caribbean: Essential Facts and History" »

Northern Europe

UK, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark. Northern Europe consists of two regions: the British Isles and Scandinavia. In the far north lies the scenic Scandinavian Peninsula. The Jutland Peninsula forms the mainland part of Denmark and extends into the North Sea. Flat plains or low hills make up most of the peninsula's interior.

Great Britain

Largest island in Europe. The UK comprises four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

England

Largest division in the UK.

English Channel

Separates the island from continental Europe.

Ireland

Added in 1801. Northern Ireland stayed.

The Channel Tunnel

The Eurotunnel is a railway tunnel that connects Folkestone with Coquelles beneath the English Channel at the... Continue reading "Exploring Northern Europe: Geography, Culture, and Language" »

THE DUST BOWL

Globalisation

Globalisation consists of the growing integration of national economies in a worldwide market economy.

Causes of globalisation

• Progress of telecommunications: provides information in real time and permits contact between people anywhere on the planet.
• Improvement of transport: facilitates the transfer of goods and people around the world.
• Widespread adoption of capitalism and neoliberal ideals: has helped economic relations throughout the world.

External Structure of the Earth

• Lithosphere: It includes the crust and the upper mantle. It is the solid part of the Earth.
• Hydrosphere: It includes all the waters on Earth.
• Atmosphere: Gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth.
  • Troposphere (0–10 km): Where weather phenomena take place.
  • Stratosphere

The Fibre Placement Process

Automatically places multiple individual prepreg tows onto a mandrel at high speed, using a numerically controlled, articulating robotic placement head to dispense, clamp, cut and restart as many as 32 tows simultaneously. Machines are available with dual mandrel stations to increase productivity.

Advantages of fibre placement include:

• Processing speed
• Reduced material scrap
• Labour costs
• Parts consolidation
• Improved part-to-part uniformity

Often used to produce large thermoset parts with complex shapes.

Early European Expeditions: Portugal & Castile

• The monarchs of the Kingdoms of Portugal and Castile began to finance exploratory voyages.
• The Kingdom of Portugal sought to reach India via an easterly route, sailing around the coast of Africa to the Indian Ocean.
• These efforts continued until Bartolomeu Dias discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487. Later, an expedition led by Vasco da Gama followed this route, reaching Calcutta, India, in 1498.
• The Kingdom of Castile attempted to reach India via a western route, crossing the Atlantic Ocean. An expedition led by Christopher Columbus discovered a new continent, America, on October 12, 1492.

Christopher Columbus and the Discovery of America

• Christopher Columbus was a sailor, likely from Genoa, who

There are three types of reefs:

• Fringing Reef – Coral platforms grow out to sea attached to the mainland.
• Barrier

3. Recent immigration (1970–present): Large numbers of people have come from Mexico, China, Korea, India, and the Philippines, as well as other parts of Latin America and Asia.

https://www.Preceden.Com/timelines/29989-waves-of-immigration-in- america

7. 3 reasons why current immigration is different

First, a significant number of today’s immigrants have entered thecountry illegally, and thus their position is insecure.

Second, today’s immigrants are largely non-white. Race has formed a principal line of fragmentation within American society, and, as such, it threads its way insistently throughout the story of immigration. Race separated the experiences of voluntary immigrants in the distant past, for such minority immigrant peoples as the... Continue reading "Legal monism" »