Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Geography

The Secondary Sector: Industry

Definition

The secondary sector encompasses industries that transform raw materials into manufactured goods. This process involves the use of machinery and energy in enclosed spaces like factories, resulting in the mass production of products.

Types of Industry

By Maturity

• Mature: Textile, steel, naval
• Advanced: Biotechnology, microelectronics, telecommunications, robotics

By Destination of Products

• Basic Industries: Convert raw materials into semi-finished products
• Capital Goods Industries: Manufacture products essential for other industries
• Consumer Goods Industries: Produce goods for direct sale to consumers

The Post-Fordist Model

This model emphasizes the development of new technologies and industries, catering to individual... Continue reading "The Secondary Sector: Industry and Its Impact on Economic Growth" »

The Foundations of Industrialization

Industrialization is defined by structural change, improvements in productivity, and the transition from human labour to machinery. This period saw a significant change in demand, marked by shifts in spending behaviors and a rise in demand for market-supplied goods. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the range of market activity expanded, creating greater opportunities for individuals to sell their labour for wages. This led to increased specialization and market activity, as the extent of the market often depends on specialization.

The key to achieving total productivity growth was not found in demography or technology alone, but in the organization of the household as an economic entity. This contrasts... Continue reading "The Industrial Revolution and Britain's Economic Transformation" »

What is confederation?  When did it occur? 

The confederation was when Canada was born. Happened on July 1, 1867. 

What makes up the province of Canada?” also know the 2 cultures of each Pg 23-24

Canada East

Followed French Culture + mostly spoke French 

Canada West

Followed British Culture + mostly spoke English 

Which  areas of British North America did Hudson's bay company in the mid-1800s Pg 5

Rupert’s Land, New Caledonia

What were the 2 main events of the “great migration” Pg 7

Potato famine & the underground railroad

Know a couple of points from each of the 6 beginning colonies of bna Pg 23-27

Canada East - Industry flourished in Montreal in the late 1840s

- Most of the work in the factories was d1 by women & children

- They were... Continue reading "Population of men, women and children in kudan local government" »

Benefits of Globalization

• Increased Quality: Companies must provide better goods and services to attract consumers.
• Lower Prices: Producers must price competitively to remain in the market.
• Reduced Cultural Barriers: Movement between countries fosters tolerance and openness.

Drawbacks of Globalization

• Exploitation: Companies may relocate factories to countries with cheaper labor, leading to exploitation (e.g., Adidas factory in Cambodia).
• Job Insecurity: Globalization increases competition for jobs, leading to job insecurity and lower wages.
• Dominance of Rich Countries: Globalization primarily benefits developed countries at the expense of developing countries.

Conclusion

Globalization can be beneficial if human rights are respected and product quality... Continue reading "Globalization: Benefits and Drawbacks in the Goods and Services Sector" »

Sioux (Dakota)

Warriors and Honor

Fierce warriors, feared by their neighbors. To win glory for their tribe and fame and honor for themselves, they fought one another. From boyhood on, males were taught to fear neither pain nor death. Bravery in battle was the surest way for a warrior to win respect and a high position in his tribe.

Lifestyle and Sustenance

Food, Shelter, Clothing: Buffalo (when the buffalo moved, they moved). Everything they owned was designed to be carried easily. Within hours they could take down their tepees (conical buffalo-skin tents that were their homes and a symbol of the American Indian way of life). The tepee was invented by the buffalo hunters of the western grasslands. It was built around a framework of about 12 slim,... Continue reading "Native American Tribes: Sioux and Haida" »

Economic Systems: An Overview

1. The Role of Economics

Economics governs the management and utilization of resources to meet individual and societal needs. Economic goods encompass:

• Products: Tangible items like food, books, and computers
• Services: Intangible work performed for others, such as transportation, education, and hairdressing

2. Factors of Production

Economic activities rely on various resources known as factors of production:

• Natural Resources: Earth, water, plants, animals, etc.
• Human Resources: People and their labor (e.g., teachers, doctors, hairdressers)
• Capital Resources: Money, buildings, machinery, equipment, etc.

3. Types of Economic Systems

Economic systems vary in how they control factors of production and allocate resources:

Planned

Understanding Global Warming: Causes & Impacts

This document details the primary causes and significant consequences of global warming on our planet. Understanding these factors is crucial for addressing this pressing environmental challenge.

Causes of Global Warming

Global warming is primarily driven by human activities. The three main causes include:

• The Greenhouse Effect

  This phenomenon occurs when humans extensively use energy, leading to the burning of fossil fuels. This process releases toxic gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, which accumulate in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, preventing it from escaping into space and thereby destroying the delicate atmospheric balance.

• Deforestation

  A significant environmental problem,

The Maya Civilization

The Maya were one of the most dominant indigenous societies of Mesoamerica. They were from a region that consisted of portions of Mexico, almost all Guatemala, the western part of Honduras, all of Belize, and the western part of El Salvador.

Development in Petén

- They attained their highest development in an area called Petén, which is a region of Guatemala, at the base of the Yucatán Peninsula.

Population Peak

- At its peak, the Maya population may have reached 2,000,000.

Characteristics

- They were established in the Pre-Classic period (2000 BC to AD 250) and were characterized by their many developments and discoveries.

- They demonstrated great abilities in architecture, sculpture, painting, mathematics, and astronomy.... Continue reading "Maya Civilization: Achievements, Decline, and Mysteries" »

1. Switzerland is one of the safest countries in the world. Criminal activity is very low, and strict laws keep life safe for residents.

2. It has a strong economy, with one of the lowest unemployment rates in the world.

3. One of the cleanest countries there is, the main cities are well managed and maintained.

4. Little or no pollution, with fresh air throughout the year.

5. The main Swiss cities (for example, Zurich and Gini) are generally on the Top 10 lists in the world for their high quality of life.

6. Good food available. Swiss cuisine is based on French, Italian, and German recipes for inspiration, and it shows in the variety of dishes, also is known worldwide for its cheeses, chocolates, and fondue. While it's not cheap, Swiss education... Continue reading "Discover the Beauty of Switzerland: Top Reasons to Visit" »