Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of English

modales de pobabilidad: must may might cant

de obligacion: must, musnt, have to, dont have to, need to, neednt, should

de peticion: may, would, could, can

consejos: should, ought to,

habilidad: can, could,, be able to

permiso: can, may

modales perfectos: modal+have+verb en 3ª

however: sin embargo  instead of: en lugar de  although: aunque  likewise: igualmente  moreover: a mayores

pasiva: verb to be+participio

have+something+3ª

reported speech:

present simple---past simple       today-----that day            SUJ+SAID (TO)+THAT+FRASE

p.Continuo----past continuo          tonight-----that night       SUJ+ASKED ME+IF/WH+FRASE

p.Perfecto-----past perfect          yesterday-----the day before  SUJ+SUGGESTED+ING+... Continue reading "What is there in commom between the verb want and verb depend" »

PHRASAL VERBS

Blow out: to (cause to) go out, become extinguished (She blew out all the candles)

Break down: of a machine or motor vehicle. Suddenly cease to function (my car broke down while I was driving)

Blow up: to explode (I saw the plane blowing up)

Come back: to return (she will leave tomorrow, but she’ll come back for holidays)

Check out: going to bed // the moment you leave a place like a hotel

Coming up: (me and your mum are coming up)

Draw in: to cause to take part (This is your fight; don't draw me in)

Drive back: stop trying to reach a person or place and move back

Do without: to forgo, dispense with (We'll just have to do without a car until they fix it)

Drop off: take someone to place and leave them there (I dropped you off on my way... Continue reading "Common Phrasal Verbs and Their Meanings" »

Use so as not to and in order not to to express purpose in the negative form.

Examples:

They woke up early in order not to be late.

She exercises regularly so as not to get fat.

He helped the new policewoman so as not to fail in her first mission.

Purpose with so that

You can also express purpose with so that. In this case, you generally need to use a modal.

turned down the music so that he wouldn't disturb the neighbors.

He got a visa so that he can travel to the USA.

He decided to stay in England for a while so that he could practice his English.

Purpose with for

Purpose can be also expressed by using for. For may be followed by either a noun or a verb + ing.

I stopped there for a chat.

This mop is for cleaning the floor.

Idioms

Don't put all your eggs... Continue reading "Expressing Purpose in English Grammar" »

Teen Spirit

Dear Michael,

Thank you for your recent letter. It is so wonderful to hear from you! I am very glad that you had a good vacation.

As for me, I also spent a wonderful vacation. First, I lived with my friends in the summer camp. The weather was hot and I swam a lot with my friends. We played bolei and rode bicycles.

And in August, we went to Cyprus to visit. It is a large island in the Mediterranean with a wonderful climate. We swam in the sea and lounged in the shade of huge eucalyptus trees. We traveled along the mountain paths and played tennis. Anyway, it was a memorable summer.

How did your academic year begin? Are there newcomers in your class? Any new subjects?

All the best!

Monica

A Good Night’s Sleep?

Expert Advice from Dr. Truman

This week, Dr. Truman offers helpful advice for common sleep problems.

1. Difficulty Falling Asleep (Insomnia)

Jason from Southampton asks: "I'm 26 and I have trouble falling asleep. I go to bed around 11 pm but stay awake until at least 2 am. I'm usually exhausted but just can't seem to fall asleep."

Dr. Truman's advice:

• Establish a regular sleep schedule, even on weekends.
• Avoid caffeine (coffee, tea, cola) at least 3 hours before bed.
• Try a warm, relaxing bath before bed.
• Consider a warm glass of milk.

2. Nightmares

Mary from Runcorn asks: "I'm 24 and I've been having terrible nightmares for the past four months. They started suddenly. My mom suggested seeing a counselor. What should I do?"

Dr. Truman'

1. Future Tenses

Present Simple

Used for:

• Scientific facts
• Arranged events (important)
• Schedules
• Transportation

Present Continuous

Used for personal arrangements/plans.

Example: I am visiting France this summer.

Be Going To

Used for:

• Personal plans. Example: I am going to start working out.
• Imminent actions. Example: He is so fast, he is going to have an accident.

Will

Used for:

• Predictions. Example: It will rain.
• Promises. Example: I will study more.
• Warnings. Example: You will get into trouble.
• Threats. Example: I will kick your ass.
• Conditional (1st type). Example: If you study just the day before, you won't pass the exam.
• Offerings. Example: I'll give you a lift.
• Instant decisions. Example: I'll call him.

Future Continuous

Used to describe actions in progress... Continue reading "Mastering English Future Tenses and Reported Speech" »

dream about, of
dress in
be engaged in (business) to (sb)
be equal to
escape from
exchange for
excuse for
experiment on (subject) with (use)
explain to
be familiar with
be famous for
feed on
be fond of
be full of
be furious about (sth), with (sb)
be generous to (sb)
be glad of
glance at
be good at
be guilty of
head for
hear about, of
hope for
be ideal for
impose on
improve on
inform of
inquire into (sth) about (sb)
insist on
be interested in
introduce to
invest in
be involved in
be jealous of
join to
be keen on
be kind to
laugh about (event) at (sb; joke)
lean on
lend to
be limited to
listen to

1. I've never failed an exam, though I only scrape through sometimes!

2. After high school, he went on to do a course in Accountancy.

No answer. System answer is: went

3. I fell behind in Maths after I was ill for two weeks, but now I've caught up.

4. When Yen's older, she wants to go into teaching.

5. My English teacher was great, she never gave up on me, even when I didn't make much progress.

6. At university, Alex wants to major in law, but he wants to study a language too.

7. I argued with my sister and then found it hard to settle down to study. I couldn't concentrate.

• 2

  Didn't you

  No answer. System answer is: use

  use

  to skip lessons occasionally when you were at school, Dad?

• 3

  The security guard does

  No answer. System answer is: not

  not

  unlock