Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Understanding Tense Changes in Reported Speech

When converting direct speech to reported (or indirect) speech, verb tenses often shift backward. This process is known as "backshift." Below are common tense transformations:

The Pit and the Pendulum

PREGUNTA A

Prince Prospero

1. Prince Prospero invited... C. He thought that they would
2. When the stranger arrived... A. the guests were horrified
3. When the prisoner in The Pit... B. He could see nothing because
4. At the very end of The Pit... B. Was saved from death at the last moment
5. Monsieur Dupin knew... C. The fingerprints and hair that were found
6. When the orangutan saw... A. He suddenly became scared.

PREGUNTA B

1. Reading
2. Evil
3. Dizziness
4. Was held
5. Struck
6. Has been condemned
7. Slimy
8. Glimmer
9. Grope
10. Fate
11. Skills
12. Which
13. Scratches
14. Bruised
15. What makes of it all?

PREGUNTA C2

The Theme of The Pit and the Pendulum

The theme of The Pit and the Pendulum is man's inhumanity to man. How is this theme shown in the story? Quote examples from the text to support your answer.... Continue reading "The Pit and the Pendulum: Analysis & Comprehension" »

Writing

The development of technology and communications during the last decade of the 20th century has significantly influenced our lives. It has revolutionized the way we work, learn, and communicate. The internet, in particular, has dramatically changed our lives, bringing both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of Computing

The primary advantage of computing is its ability to provide quick and easy access to information. It also enhances efficiency in various tasks. Furthermore, technology improves the lives of those with limited opportunities and access to education, contributing to the development of underprivileged or isolated regions worldwide.

Disadvantages of Computing

On the other hand, there are disadvantages. The changing world... Continue reading "Impact of Technology and the Keys to Personal Health" »

The Stars Look Down

Hold me gently

Hold me high

Under darkness

We will fly

Been rejected

Been outcast

We come to rest at last

We will never walk alone

Back to our home

At their reflection

There's a light

See the struggle

At all the pain

Light shines again

We'll stand as one

All out together

All out as one

All out for victory

'Til we've won

All out together

All out as one

All out for victory

'Til we've won

All out together

All out as one

All out for victory

All out 'til we've won

Expressing Yourself

To cheer up the place?

Get some earrings

You will start to feel a different man

What's wrong with expressing yourself?

If you put on a dress?

What's wrong with expressing yourself?

What's wrong with wearing a dress?

You try to impress

Learn to care less

Sing something to me

What's wrong... Continue reading "Billy Elliot the Musical: Lyrics and Story" »

Grammar Exercises

Modals, Conditionals, Reported Speech, and More

1. Modal Verbs

Original: You must not smoke in here.

Corrected: Smoking is forbidden here.

2. Conditional Clauses

Original: If the tickets don’t arrive, we won’t be able to go.

Corrected: Unless the tickets arrive, we won’t be able to go.

4. Have Something Done

Original: The mechanic is going to repair her car next week.

Corrected: She is going to have her car repaired next week (by the mechanic).

5. Wish

Original: What a pity I didn’t have time to see you last week.

Corrected: I wish I had had time to see you last week.

6. Passive Voice

Original: This story will shock you.

Corrected: You will be shocked by this story.

7. Gerund/Infinitive

Original: Will you post this letter for me, please?... Continue reading "Grammar Exercises: Modals, Conditionals, and More" »

Lord Munodi promises to get Gulliver an invitation to Lagado's Royal Academy if he wants it, which Gulliver does.

Their projects include:

• To take sunbeams out of cucumbers
• To turn human poo back into food (ugh)
• To melt ice into gunpowder
• To build houses from the roof down
• To paint without sight, but according to the texture and smell of the colors
• To use pigs to plough fields
• To use spider webs to replace silk threads

This giant square has handles on all sides for the professor's students to use to turn the frame.

By turning the frame, the professor's students shake up the words hanging inside the square.

Whenever three or four of the words together seem to make sense, the students write down these phrases.

In order to find an accused person they could

On a teenager's life, there is a moment in which we ask ourselves what are we going to study? What are we going to do? Is it the right choice? And if I fail or choose wrong? Always, everyone, at any time. Our existential crisis. My dream is that I want to become a public accountant, so I asked some of my teachers and one student at San Andres University to tell me this career's pros and cons. Here I have some of their main points.

Advantages

• Hernan Telechea, a public accountant and business administration student, mentioned that this career offers a larger amount of job opportunities. However, top companies tend to select students with excellent performance before they graduate from the university.
• According to Adriana Barrera, my accounting teacher,

English Exam Solutions: 2009–2014

2009/2010 Exam Results

Option A

• 1. a) True ('And he tracked... on maps') b) False ('And so he abandoned... study animals')
• 3. a) creatures b) trust c) detachment d) wave
• 4. a) believes / eating - to eat b) about / must c) You don't have to dissect an animal to know a lot about it. d) Rogers told the bear not to worry.

Option B

• 1. a) True ('Ever since the great... like dust') b) True ('By 1870,... and deprivation')
• 3. a) wealth b) dust c) peak d) famine
• 4. a) that / longest b) from / meant c) long / takes d) Its / defeating

2010/2011 Exam Results

Option A

• 1. a) False ('With someone... human interventions') b) True ('Because the robot... consumption')
• 3. a) harder b) actually c) reducing d) proof
• 4. a) bought / hasn't stopped

Wealth

Definition: A large amount of money or valuable possessions that someone has.

Example: Their policies are all towards the creation of wealth.

Currency

Definition: The money that is used in a particular country at a particular time.

Example: Five people were indicted for making and selling counterfeit currency.

Endeavor

Definition: To try to do something.

Example: Engineers are endeavoring to locate the source of the problem.

Deliver

Definition: To take goods, letters, parcels, etc., to people's houses or places of work.

Example: Mail is delivered to our office twice a day.

Guilty

Definition: Feeling guilt.

Example: You've got a guilty conscience, that's why you can't sleep.

Rage

Definition: A period of extreme or violent anger.

Example: I was frightened... Continue reading "Mastering Essential English Vocabulary" »