Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Conditionals

• Zero Conditional: If I put my finger on the sun, I get burned.
• 1st Conditional: If I'm feeling well, I will go to the mall.
• 2nd Conditional: If I won the lotto, I would travel the world.
• 3rd Conditional: If I had stopped at the traffic lights, I wouldn't have crashed.

The Causatives

Have/Get something done.

Reported Speech

Present Simple

• Direct Speech: "Go home now!"
• Reported Speech: Itziar told me to go home now.

Present Continuous

• Direct Speech: "She is making an effort."
• Reported Speech: He said that she was making an effort.

Present Perfect

• Direct Speech: "I haven't seen Julie."
• Reported Speech: She said she hadn't seen Julie.

The Passive Voice

Irregular Verbs List (G-W): English Conjugation and Spanish Meaning

Master the conjugation of essential English irregular verbs starting from G through W. This comprehensive table provides the Infinitive (Base Form), Past Simple, Past Participle, and the corresponding Spanish translation.

Bella Napoli Restaurant Review

Last weekend, I visited Bella Napoli, an Italian restaurant located in the city centre. I had heard many positive comments about it, so I decided to try it with some friends.

Atmosphere and Cuisine

The restaurant was beautifully decorated, and the relaxing atmosphere was enhanced by the music and lighting. The menu included a wide variety of traditional Italian dishes, such as pizza, pasta, and risotto. I ordered a pizza and fresh pasta, and both dishes were cooked perfectly. In addition, the desserts were delicious, especially the tiramisu.

Service and Value

What I liked most was the customer service. The staff were friendly and helpful, and all the dishes were served quickly. Furthermore, the prices were reasonable... Continue reading "Bella Napoli Restaurant Review and City Entertainment Report" »

Essential Business English Vocabulary

Pursue

To follow or chase (someone or something); to strive to gain or accomplish (a goal) over a long period.

Boardroom

A room where a company's board of directors meets.

Storm

To enter suddenly and forcefully (e.g., storm the boardroom).

Account for

To represent or form a particular proportion or part of something.

Fulfilling

Achieving satisfaction or happiness through one's actions; satisfying.

Single-handedly

Done by one person alone; without help.

Slightly

To a small degree; not considerably; a little bit.

Gruffly

In a rough, stern, or abrupt manner.

Although

Conjunction meaning 'in spite of the fact that'; similar to 'but'.

Stepped back

To move back physically or mentally; to withdraw from a situation to gain perspective.

Essential English Vocabulary

Here's a list of useful English words and phrases, along with their meanings:

• To put off: To postpone or delay
• Stage: A step or phase in a process
• Prompt: On time or before the expected time
• Deadline: The last day or time by which something must be done
• Rush hour: Peak time when traffic is heaviest
• Sharp: Exactly on time (e.g., 9 o'clock sharp)
• Timing: The ability to do something at the right moment
• In a hurry: To be rushed or have a sense of urgency
• Plenty: A lot of; a large quantity
• Brief: Short in duration
• On time: Punctual; at the scheduled time
• At a time: At a particular moment
• Downtime: A period when you are less busy or doing fewer things
• Sidetracked: To be distracted from your main task
• Drag on: To continue for too long,

Reported Speech

Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is used to convey what someone else said without directly quoting them. The tense of the verb usually shifts back in time.

Statements

Direct: "Many customers have requested puppy's breath," he explained.
Reported: He explained that many customers had requested puppy's breath.

Questions

Direct: "Can you create nasty smells?" they asked Fred.
Reported: They asked Fred if he could create nasty smells.

Direct: "What perfume are you buying today?" Laura asked me.
Reported: Laura asked me what perfume I was buying that day.

Orders

Direct: "Turn on the aroma generator," the boss told her.
Reported: Her boss told her to turn on the aroma generator.

Direct: "Don't tell anyone my secret formula,"... Continue reading "Key English Grammar Rules for Effective Communication" »

English Grammar Transformation Exercises

1. That's the girl Susanne and Lisa were talking about. Susanne, who was talking with Lisa about a girl, is her friend.
2. Why were you left out of the team? Why were you left out of the team?
3. Melanie's wedding invitations were made by a graphic designer. Melanie had her wedding invitations made by a graphic designer.
4. They're building a new stadium outside the town centre. A new stadium is being built outside the town centre.
5. Laura won her third championship. Her achievements are astounding. Laura, whose achievements are astounding, won her third championship.
6. The spot is perfect. Greg chose it. The spot that Greg chose is perfect.
7. You shouldn't leave the equipment here. The equipment shouldn't be left here.
8. He talked

Mastering English Grammar and Vocabulary

Grammar and Sentence Practice

1. Peter was looking forward to escaping from Auschwitz with Mary.
2. In spite of women having a professional life, they still have to do most of the housework.
3. Peter and Mary were given two different books in the afternoon.
4. He isn't attracted by the wages and the working conditions.
5. Mary has pushed the table into the corner.
6. Mary, whose purse has been stolen, was very upset.
7. If Peter tried harder, he could find a job.
8. If he hadn't arrived so late, he would have seen the famous writer.
9. Mary doesn't mind working hard for the organization.
10. The teacher asked the students to stop those attacks.
11. They used to live in peace when they were children.
12. Unless you return my trainers, I will tell the teacher.

Irregular Verbs List (1–70)

This comprehensive list presents 70 essential irregular verbs. Study the four principal forms (Base Form, Past Simple, Past Participle, and Present Participle) alongside their Spanish meanings to improve your fluency.

1. sweep – swept – swept – sweeping – barrer
2. drink – drank – drunk – drinking – beber
3. ride – rode – ridden – riding – cabalgar/montar
4. fall – fell – fallen – falling – caer
5. sing – sang – sung – singing – cantar
6. set – set – set – setting – colocar
7. eat – ate – eaten – eating – comer
8. buy – bought – bought – buying – comprar
9. meet – met – met – meeting – conocer (gente)
10. know – knew – known – knowing – conocer (saber)
11. get – got – gotten