Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

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Mastering English Conditionals and Irregular Verbs

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Conditionals

Conditional 0

If + Present Simple = Present Simple. This is always true (absolute truth).

Conditional 1

If Present Simple, I, we, you, he will + infinitive. I will + verb (infinitive) if Present Simple. (Prediction that is almost true).

Conditional 2

If Past Simple, I would + verb (infinitive). I would + verb (infinitive) if Past Simple. (Unreal or imaginary situations).

Conditional 3

If you had + verb (3rd column), I would have + verb (3rd column). I would have + verb (3rd column) if I had verb (3rd column). (Impossible situations).

Time Clauses

By the time, when, as soon as, after, the moment, before, once - After these, always use Present Simple.

Present Simple

I/she/it + s. I don't, she/he doesn't + verb + s.

I am, they are, she is when

... Continue reading "Mastering English Conditionals and Irregular Verbs" »

Reconnecting with Old Friends: Stories of Friendship and Change

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Two years ago, I met again with a girl named Maite. Maite and I had been friends since we were little. We met in Barcelona, specifically in the Ramblas of Plaza Cataluña. She used to live here, in La Llagosta, but due to family problems, she had to move to France.

When we met, it was very strange because we didn't know how to react by simply saying hello or hugging each other. When we saw each other, we quickly went towards each other and hugged each other very tightly. It had been two years since we had seen or spoken to each other. We had completely lost touch. We started talking, and I told her that there were times when I talked to her, but she didn't get the messages and she told me that she had changed her cell phone and lost all of her... Continue reading "Reconnecting with Old Friends: Stories of Friendship and Change" »

Essential English Irregular Verbs: A Quick Reference

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Essential English Irregular Verbs

Here's a list of common irregular verbs in English to help you improve your grammar and vocabulary:

  • B:
    • be - was/were - been (ser/estar)
    • beat - beat - beaten (golpear)
    • become - became - become (convertirse)
    • begin - began - begun (empezar)
    • bend - bent - bent (doblar)
    • bet - bet - bet (apostar)
    • bite - bit - bitten (morder)
    • bleed - bled - bled (sangrar)
    • blow - blew - blown (soplar)
    • break - broke - broken (romper)
    • bring - brought - brought (traer)
    • build - built - built (construir)
    • burn - burnt - burnt (quemar)
    • buy - bought - bought (comprar)
  • C:
    • catch - caught - caught (coger)
    • choose - chose - chosen (elegir)
    • come - came - come (venir)
    • cost - cost - cost (costar)
    • cut - cut - cut (cortar)
  • D:
    • dig - dug - dug (cavar)
    • do - did - done (hacer)
    • draw
... Continue reading "Essential English Irregular Verbs: A Quick Reference" »

Career Choices, Retail Sales, and Human Cognition

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Choosing the Right Career Path

Facts and Considerations

  1. True: Choosing a career path is often a confusing and stressful experience.
  2. True: You can begin by choosing a career that fits well with your skills.

Common Questions

  1. Why is it difficult? It's challenging because, without experience, you don't know what a job truly involves, and careers can be unpredictable.
  2. What should you look for? You should aim for a career you are good at and one that you will genuinely want to do.

Key Vocabulary

  • Confusing
  • Fits
  • Reach
  • Venture

Sentence Fragments and Answers

  1. are motivated
  2. best, have ever read
  3. for, about
  4. where
  5. to choose a job she loved

Navigating the January Sales

Facts and Considerations

  1. True: Consumers who visit shops are rewarded with discounts of up to 80%.
  2. True: Online
... Continue reading "Career Choices, Retail Sales, and Human Cognition" »

The Debate on Eating Meat and the Pursuit of Happiness

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Should People Stop Eating Meat?

More and more people today are talking about the harm that eating meat can cause. However, personally I am a carnivore and see no reason to change my eating habits.
Firstly, there's no doubt that eating meat provides us with a simple source of some essential nutrients. You have to eat a carefully planned combination of different foods.
Furthermore, some people object to the fact that we kill animals to eat meat. However, these people seem to forget that many animals hunt and kill to eat. One would hardly call a tiger or a shark unethical for eating meat.
Finally, vegetarians point out that the meat industry is harmful to the environment. While there is some truth to this, the problem should be solved by making regulations
... Continue reading "The Debate on Eating Meat and the Pursuit of Happiness" »

English Irregular Verbs List (A-L) with Spanish Translation

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Mastering English Irregular Verbs (A-L)

This comprehensive list provides essential irregular verbs from A to L, detailing the Spanish meaning alongside the three core English forms: Infinitive, Past Simple, and Past Participle. Use this resource to improve your conjugation accuracy.

Irregular Verb Forms Reference

  • Spanish Meaning | Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle

Verbs Starting with B

  • Ser: be | was/were | been
  • Hacerse: become | became | become
  • Empezar: begin | began | begun
  • Picar: bite | bit | bitten
  • Romper: break | broke | broken
  • Traer: bring | brought | brought
  • Construir: build | built | built
  • Comprar: buy | bought | bought

Verbs Starting with C

  • Poder: can | could | (Modal verb)
  • Coger: catch | caught | caught
  • Escoger: choose | chose | chosen
  • Venir:
... Continue reading "English Irregular Verbs List (A-L) with Spanish Translation" »

Mamma Mia! Song Lyrics: Honey, Honey & Under Attack

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Honey, Honey Lyrics (Mamma Mia!)

Honey, Honey, how he thrills me, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
Honey, Honey, nearly kills me, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
I've heard about him before,
I wanted to know some more.
And now I know what they mean, he's a love machine.
Oh, he makes me dizzy.

Ali: A love machine?

Sophie: That's nothing!

Honey, Honey, let me feel it, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
Honey, Honey, don't conceal it, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
The way that you kiss goodnight,
(The way that you hold me tight)
I feel like I wanna sing when you do your thing!

Honey, Honey, touch me, baby, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
Honey, Honey, hold me, baby, a-ha, Honey, Honey.
You look like a movie star,
But I know just who you are.
And, honey, to say the least,
You're a doggone beast!

Under Attack Lyrics

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Irregular Verb Conjugations: A Quick Reference

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Comprehensive List of Irregular Verbs

Verb Conjugations

This list provides the base, past simple, and past participle forms of common irregular verbs in English.

  • Be / Was, Were / Been - ser/estar
  • Beat / Beat / Beaten - vencer
  • Become / Became / Become - llegar a ser
  • Begin / Began / Begun - empezar
  • Bite / Bit / Bitten - morder
  • Break / Broke / Broken - romper
  • Bring / Brought / Brought - traer
  • Broadcast / Broadcast / Broadcast - transmitir
  • Build / Built / Built - construir
  • Burn / Burnt/Burned / Burnt/Burned - quemar
  • Buy / Bought / Bought - comprar
  • Can / Could / (been able to) - poder
  • Catch / Caught / Caught - coger
  • Come / Came / Come - venir
  • Cost / Cost / Cost - costar
  • Cut / Cut / Cut - cortar
  • Do / Did / Done - hacer
  • Draw / Drew / Drawn - dibujar
  • Dream / Dreamt/Dreamed
... Continue reading "Irregular Verb Conjugations: A Quick Reference" »

English Irregular Verbs: Spanish Translations & Forms

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Essential English Irregular Verbs for Spanish Speakers

This comprehensive list provides common irregular verbs in English, complete with their Spanish translations and all three forms: base form, past simple, and past participle. It's a valuable resource for Spanish speakers learning English grammar and expanding their vocabulary.

Understanding English Irregular Verb Forms

Unlike regular verbs that form their past simple and past participle by adding "-ed", irregular verbs follow unique patterns. Mastering these forms is crucial for accurate and fluent English communication. This table presents a selection of frequently used irregular verbs.

Spanish MeaningBase FormPast SimplePast Participle
Abandonarleaveleftleft
Dejarletletlet
Perderloselostlost
Hacermakemademade
Conocermeetmetmet
Ponerputputput
Leerreadreadread
Montarrideroderidden
Correrrunranrun
Decirsaysaidsaid
Verseesawseen
Vendersellsoldsold
Enviarsendsentsent
Salirset
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Aldous Huxley's Dystopian Vision: Critiquing Utopia and Society

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Aldous Huxley's Anti-Utopian Stance

Aldous Huxley's anti-utopian remarks in the late 1920s stemmed from a profound aversion to the utopian speculations he encountered by 1930. Many of these, influenced by H. G. Wells and ultimately by Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis (1627), were distinctly scientific in nature. Huxley observed that those who envisioned a utopian future ‘invoke not the god from the machine, but the machine itself. [...] Thus although in one sense Huxley’s novels and non-fiction prose prior to 1932 seemed to indicate that he would never stoop to utopian themes, in another they made Brave New World inevitable.

The Genesis of Brave New World

One of the chief reasons why Huxley wrote Brave New World was to discredit, if not discourage,... Continue reading "Aldous Huxley's Dystopian Vision: Critiquing Utopia and Society" »