Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Mastering English Grammar and Vocabulary

Grammar and Sentence Practice

1. Peter was looking forward to escaping from Auschwitz with Mary.
2. In spite of women having a professional life, they still have to do most of the housework.
3. Peter and Mary were given two different books in the afternoon.
4. He isn't attracted by the wages and the working conditions.
5. Mary has pushed the table into the corner.
6. Mary, whose purse has been stolen, was very upset.
7. If Peter tried harder, he could find a job.
8. If he hadn't arrived so late, he would have seen the famous writer.
9. Mary doesn't mind working hard for the organization.
10. The teacher asked the students to stop those attacks.
11. They used to live in peace when they were children.
12. Unless you return my trainers, I will tell the teacher.

Irregular Verbs List (1–70)

This comprehensive list presents 70 essential irregular verbs. Study the four principal forms (Base Form, Past Simple, Past Participle, and Present Participle) alongside their Spanish meanings to improve your fluency.

1. sweep – swept – swept – sweeping – barrer
2. drink – drank – drunk – drinking – beber
3. ride – rode – ridden – riding – cabalgar/montar
4. fall – fell – fallen – falling – caer
5. sing – sang – sung – singing – cantar
6. set – set – set – setting – colocar
7. eat – ate – eaten – eating – comer
8. buy – bought – bought – buying – comprar
9. meet – met – met – meeting – conocer (gente)
10. know – knew – known – knowing – conocer (saber)
11. get – got – gotten

Letter to a Friend About a Trip

From: [Your Name]

To: [Friend’s Name]

Subject: My Trip to Canada

Hi [Friend’s Name],

How are you? I have amazing news! I’m going to Canada for three weeks to study English!

I’ll be arriving on January 15th and staying at a student residence close to the school. My course has 20 lessons a week, and I’ll take morning classes. In the afternoons, I plan to join some activities, like city tours and maybe trying fun things like ice skating. I also want to explore and enjoy Canadian food. It’s going to be so exciting!

I hope you’re doing well. Do you think I should pack anything special for the trip? Let me know!

Take care,

[Your Name]

Family Vacation in La Serena, Chile

I went on vacation in February with my family... Continue reading "Canada Trip & Family Vacation: Travel Stories & Johnny Depp Bio" »

Passive Voice & Quantifiers

Passive Voice

• do → is done
• is doing → is being done
• did → was done
• was doing → was being done
• have done → has been done
• had done → had been done
• will do → will be done
• is going to do → is going to be done

Quantifiers

• Large: a lot of, much (uncountable), many (countable), plenty of
• Small: a few (countable), little (uncountable)
• More or less: too big, too many, enough
• Zero: any, no

Relative Clauses

• that → who/which (ese/que)
• who → people (quien)
• which → things/animal (cual)
• where → places (dónde)
• whose → mean possession (cuyo)

Modals

must have → el conductor se debería haber perdido

might/may have → se debe haber comprado una casa nueva

could have → podrías haber evitado el accidente

should have → debería... Continue reading "Mastering English Grammar: Passive Voice, Clauses & Conditionals" »

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Identification

• Issues
• Overpopulation
• Moreover
• Homelessness
• Famine
• Cheated
• Expelled
• Fell
• Subjects
• Sororities
• Diet
• Publicity
• Unfit
• Get involved
• Lose
• Creative
• Passionate
• Irresponsible
• Importance
• Tolerant

Exercise 2: Vocabulary Matching and Definitions

• Nation: national, country
• Folklore: culture
• Reception: host
• Color of skin: race
• Country of origin: nationality
• The condition of being a woman or a man: gender
• 8. Immigrants
• Armed conflicts: wars
• Illnesses: diseases
• Extreme weather conditions: climate change
• Displaced people: refugees
• Really cheap: bargain
• Reduction: discount
• Used: second-hand
• Wait in line:
• Coins and notes: cash
• Plastic money: a credit card
• Ask for money from a friend: borrow
• To give money on the condition of repayment: lend

Exercise 3: Verb Tenses

I start my work at 7:30 a.M. I bring my tools, including pliers, a screwdriver, wire cutters, and a voltage tester. I also carry a tool belt to keep everything organized. During the day, I install new electrical wiring, repair faulty circuits, and read blueprints to understand wiring plans. Sometimes, I troubleshoot electrical problems in homes or offices. Safety is very important in my job. I always wear safety gloves, goggles, and a helmet to protect myself. I also use a multimeter to check for live wires before touching them. I make sure to follow all safety rules to prevent accidents. I finish work at 4:30 p.M. Before leaving, I clean my tools, put everything back in my toolbox, and check my schedule for the next day. This helps me stay... Continue reading "I choose to live" »

The Impact of Online Shopping on Our Lives

Nowadays, online shopping has changed a lot of our lives. Do you think online shopping has good or bad sides? Online shopping certainly presents both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of Online Shopping

On the one hand, here are the primary arguments for using e-commerce:

1. Good Value and Budget-Friendly Options

   One of the main arguments is that things often offer good value. For example, a lot of people buy from Amazon or AliExpress; these online shops often offer competitive pricing, depending on the product.

2. Time Saving and Convenience

   The second advantage of online shopping is that it saves time. You do not have to go to a physical shop because you can view the product online from the comfort of

Present Simple Affirmative Sentences

1. They work at the same company.
2. I practice yoga to relieve stress.
3. I drink coffee every morning.
4. She watches TV in the evenings.
5. They play soccer on weekends.
6. He reads a book before going to bed.
7. She listens to music while working.
8. They take the bus to work every day.
9. He brushes his teeth twice a day.
10. He cooks dinner for his family every night.

Present Simple Interrogative Sentences

1. Do you like coffee?
2. What do you usually eat for breakfast?
3. Where do you live?
4. How often do you exercise?
5. Do you have any pets?
6. What time do you usually wake up?
7. What is your favorite TV show?
8. Do you enjoy reading books?
9. How do you usually get to work or school?
10. What do you like to do in your free time?

Present Continuous Affirmative Sentences

1. I am currently

Past Simple

Affirmative

I/you/he/she/it/we/they watched. Translation: I watched.

Negative

I/you/he/she/it/we/they didn't watch.

Interrogative

Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they watch?

Past Continuous

Affirmative

I/he/she/it was watching Translation: I was watching.

we/they/you were watching

Negative

I/he/she/it wasn't watching

we/they/you weren't watching

Present Simple

Affirmative

I/you/we/they play Translation: I play

he/she/it plays

Negative

I/you/we/they don't play

he/she/it doesn't play

Present Continuous

Affirmative

I am reading Translation: I am reading

He/she/it is reading

we/they/you are reading

Negative

I am not reading

He/she/it isn't reading

we/they/you aren't reading

Present Perfect

Affirmative

I/you/we/they have finished Translation: I have finished

he/she/it has finished

Negative

I/... Continue reading "Essential English Grammar Reference" »

English Grammar Practice: Sentence Construction & Verb Usage

Choose the Correct Option: Quantifiers & General Usage

• I had many interesting experiences during that year.
• My dad has a lot of work.
• There isn’t enough space in this.
• I’ve been to this train station many times.
• There is a lot of competition between big supermarkets.

Complete the Sentences: Quantifiers & Context

• There is a flea market every Sunday.
• All my friends enjoy it.
• Many people drive, but few cycle.
• I’d rather travel on the train; there’s little choice and it's efficient.
• This is a pedestrian zone; no motor vehicles are allowed.
• I’ve been to Paris several times.
• There wasn’t much traffic.
• There is plenty to see.

Modal Verbs: Choose the Correct Option

• The lecturer must