Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Gatsby,

I see what you’re doing—trying to win her back. All the money, the mansion, the parties—it’s all for Daisy. You built this entire image just to impress her, to make her forget who you used to be. I get it.

Stop Waiting for Love to Happen

But if you really want her, stop waiting around. You keep hoping she’ll realize something on her own, as if love is supposed to just happen. That’s not how it works. People don’t choose you just because you’re in love with them. They choose you when you make yourself the only option.

I know that because I was in your place once. I wanted John Proctor, and he kept acting like I wasn’t enough. So I didn’t sit back and hope. I found what was in the way—his wife—and I tried to get rid... Continue reading "Abigail Williams' Ruthless Advice to Jay Gatsby" »

Report: Online Activities of Teens

To: The European School Council
From: Chavin Kaze
Subject: Online Activities of Teens
Date: 11 November 2025

Introduction

The purpose of this report is to analyze how students use their smartphones in everyday life. Consequently, a survey was conducted among students aged 13 to 17 at our school. The results are summarized below.

Results of the Survey

The survey indicates that texting friends is the most popular activity among teens, with 88% of students doing it regularly. Other common activities include:

• Watching videos: 75%
• Playing games: 70%
• Viewing photos: 68%
• Making phone calls: 62%
• Doing research: 40%

The least popular activity is doing research, likely due to its association with academic tasks.

Reasons

This analysis examines the theme of injustice and its manifestation in both personal and social contexts within the novel Jasper Jones by Craig Silvey. By evaluating two distinct perspectives—Charlie’s personal development when confronted with unfairness and the systemic racism prevalent in the town—we can better understand how individuals respond to inequity and what these experiences reveal about the world.

Charlie’s Journey: From Innocence to Maturity

At the start of the novel, Charlie is a reserved, bookish teenager who avoids risk. However, after Jasper reveals the body of Laura Wishart, Charlie is thrust into a complex moral crisis. As he uncovers the truth, he is forced to mature rapidly. He realizes that adults are capable of... Continue reading "Injustice and Personal Growth in Jasper Jones" »

Verb Tense and Preposition Practice

Key: Been watching / To / Due to

• Susan is neither worried nor nervous about the exams.
• He told me: "Don’t call me ever again."
• My parents asked me where I had gone with my friends.
• He shouldn’t have blamed me for what he did.
• The hotel which/that my father only likes has got amazing views of the sea.

Relative Clauses and Passive Voice

Key: Had bought / Off / Such a

• The secretary could not send the document in time.
• The committee, whose decisions I usually agree with, provided a way out of this situation.
• We will get our house designed by a friend of ours next month.
• The campaign will have been launched before Christmas (by the company).

Reported Speech and Conjunctions

Key: Hadn’t eaten / Woke up / From / Can't

• I

Taking Care of the Planet Is Taking Care of Your Future

(Opening – calm and reflective tone)
Good morning, everyone. My name is Pablo, and today I want to share a simple but important lesson: Never judge a book by its cover.

That phrase doesn’t only apply to people or books — it applies to the world around us, too. Sometimes, we look at our planet and think it will always be fine, or that nature will “fix itself.” But that’s just the cover. The truth inside is very different.

The Earth: A Home We Take for Granted

(Pause – thoughtful tone)
Have you ever stopped to think about everything Earth gives you? The air you breathe, the water you drink, and the food you eat — all of it comes from this home we often take for granted. Yet, we... Continue reading "Protecting Our Planet: Why Small Actions Shape Our Future" »

William Shakespeare: Biography

Born: 1564 | Died: 1616
Profession: Poet and playwright
Origins: Stratford-upon-Avon

Family Background

• Father: John Shakespeare (glove maker and alderman)
• Mother: Mary Arden (daughter of an affluent farmer)
• Wife: Anne Hathaway
• Children: Susanna, Judith, and Hamnet (Hamnet died at age 11)

Professional Career

• Actor
• Part-owner of The Lord Chamberlain's Men (later The King's Men)

The Company of Boys (1999)

A troupe of boy actors directed by Arby. They rehearsed in Cambridge, USA, before traveling to London to perform Julius Caesar and A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Globe Theatre.

Shakespearean Literary Styles

• Comedy: Happy endings, entanglements, disguises, and love (e.g., A Midsummer Night's Dream).
• Tragedy: Sad endings, death,

Essential Vocabulary for Advanced Communication

• Diligent (adj.) – Showing care and effort in one’s work or duties.
  Example: She is a diligent student who always completes her assignments on time.
• Doleful (adj.) – Expressing sorrow or sadness.
  Example: The doleful melody of the song made everyone feel emotional.
• Ghastly (adj.) – Frightening or shocking in appearance; horrible.
  Example: He had a ghastly look on his face after hearing the terrible news.
• Hamper (verb) – To hinder or obstruct progress.
  Example: The heavy snowstorm will hamper our travel plans.
• Hew (verb) – To cut or shape something with a tool, such as an ax.
  Example: The workers hewed logs to build the cabin.
• Intricate (adj.) – Very detailed or complicated.
  Example: The artist

Macbeth’s Vision: Reality vs. Illusion

“Is this a dagger which I see before me?” In Macbeth by William Shakespeare, ambition has the power to distort the mind and lead to confusion and moral decay. During Shakespeare’s time, people strongly believed in witches, supernatural forces, and visions, which influenced the dark atmosphere of the play. In this scene, Macbeth is alone and about to kill King Duncan when he sees a floating dagger. He is unsure whether it is real or imagined, and this moment shows both his fear and his strong ambition. Shakespeare presents Macbeth’s inner conflict at the exact moment before the murder, showing how ambition begins to take control of his mind.

Psychological Tension and the Floating Dagger

Macbeth’s... Continue reading "Macbeth’s Dagger Soliloquy: Ambition and Moral Decay" »

Common Examples of Modal Verbs in Sentences

1. She may have left her keys at home.
2. He can solve complex math problems easily.
3. You needn't have bought a gift.
4. They must have misunderstood the instructions.
5. We may use calculators during the exam.
6. I shouldn't have spoken to her like that.
7. He might not have heard the alarm this morning.
8. She can play the piano beautifully.
9. They didn't have to wait for us.
10. She must have completed the project by now.
11. They might have missed the train.
12. He had to finish the report by Friday.
13. We shouldn't have ignored his advice.
14. She could speak three languages fluently.
15. You needn't have called me so late.
16. They might not have received our message.
17. He must have known about the meeting.
18. We may leave early today.
19. I shouldn't have forgotten her