Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Competitive examination

Mastering Second and Third Conditionals

Second Conditional Examples

They aren't going to offer him the job because he seems very shy. (If he … not seem)
If he didn't seem too shy, they would give him the job.

We're not booking that flight because there's a six-hour stopover. (If there wasn't / weren't)
If there wasn't a six-hour stopover, we would book it.

Sally can't go to the cinema because she has to work overtime today. (If Sally … not work)
If Sally didn't have to work overtime, she could go to the cinema.

I'm not taking the job because the salary isn't high enough. (If the salary was / were …)
If the salary were high enough, I would take the job.

We don't see you very often because you live so far away. (If you … not live)
If you didn't

Body Parts and Related Terms

• Back of Hand: Esquena o dur (Dorsum of Hand)
• Cheek: Galta (Mofletes) (Cheek)
• Fingertip: Punta del dit (Fingertip)
• Foot: Peu (Foot)
• Forearm: Antebraç (Forearm)
• Forehead: Front (Forehead)
• Nose: Nas (Nose)
• Palm: Palmell de la mà (Palm of the Hand)
• Upper Lip: Llavi superior (Upper Lip)

Verbs and Actions Related to Pain

• Cope with: Poder amb (To manage/deal with)
• Feel: Sentir (To feel)
• Got: Aconseguit (Achieved/Gotten)
• Losing: Perdent (Losing)
• Relieve: Aliviar (To relieve)
• Took Away: Se'n va anar (Went away)
• Wears Off: Desaparèixer (To disappear/fade)
• Survive: Sobreviure (To survive)
• Makes: Fer (To make/do)
• Cured: Curar (Cured)
• Suffer: Sufrir (To suffer)
• Cannot: No poder (Cannot/Unable to)
• Cause: Causa (To cause)
• Managed: Gestionat (Managed)

• UNIT 7:
• Bureaucratic: Official
• Maintain: Keep
• Detecting: Locating
• Essential: Important
• Facilities: Buildings
• Overcome: Fix
• Resources: Sources of supply or support
• Sustainable: Can continue
• Unreliable: Undependable
• Vehicle: Form of transport

• UNIT 10:
• Abandoned: Stopped doing something
• Abstract: Separate from physical realities
• Civilization: A society in an advanced state of development
• Currency: Money
• Enormous: Extraordinarily large
• Heredity: When a parent passes on physical possessions to a child
• Initiative: Readiness to take action
• Subjective: Not objective
• Transactions: Interactions between sellers and buyers
• Undergone: Experienced or gone through

• UNIT 11:
• Accelerate: Increase the speed of something
• Accumulate: Gradually increase in quantity or size
• Biologists: People

I am writing to apply for the position of Accounting Administrative.

I am currently studying a course to get access to Administration and Finance.

As you can see in my CV, I studied:

• Basic level of vocational training in Commerce and Marketing
• Intermediate level of vocational training in Management and Administration
• Higher level of vocational training in Administration and Finance

I have worked for 4 years and 7 months as an Administrative Assistant for Movistar.

I have experience in:

• Document management and archiving
• Attention and contact with customers, commercial, and suppliers
• Bank reconciliation
• Book/accounting entries
• Taxes - impuestos

I feel I am suitable for this role as I have a great deal of experience in Administrative Assistant with more than... Continue reading "Experienced Administrative Assistant with Accounting Skills" »

The Steam Engine's Impact on the Industrial Revolution

The steam engine, initially invented by Thomas Newcomen and significantly improved by James Watt, was a pivotal innovation. Its development directly led to the creation of railways and steamships, revolutionizing transportation. This advancement made transport:

• Faster
• Cheaper
• Capable of carrying heavier cargoes

Spread of the Industrial Revolution Across Europe

Britain served as the primary model for industrialization, with other European nations soon following its example. Many countries adopted industrial practices and enhanced their transport systems. Nations like Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Germany developed their own industries at varying stages. Notably, Spain did not participate in... Continue reading "Key Historical Milestones: Industrial Revolution & Spanish History" »

Business Structures, Strategies, and Restructuring

Company Structure

A company is a separate legal entity, possessing the same rights as a person. This includes the ability to incur debt, sue, and be sued.

Partnership Structure

A partnership involves multiple individuals who conduct business together.

Business Strategies

A business strategy is a plan to achieve specific objectives. These strategies can be generic or competitive.

Generic Strategies

• Growth: Introducing new products or adding new features (e.g., phone companies).
• Product Differentiation: Creating a competitive advantage through superior quality or service (e.g., air purifiers with superior engineering design).
• Price-Skimming: Initially charging high prices for a product and then lowering

Wallow (verb)

To roll about or lie in water, snow, mud, dust, or the like, as for refreshment.

Taillights (noun)

A light, usually red, at the rear of an automobile or train.

Dangled (verb)

To hang loosely, especially with a jerking or swaying motion.

Upholstery (noun)

The materials used to cushion and cover furniture.

Leer (verb)

To look with a sideways or oblique glance, especially suggestive of lascivious interest or sly and malicious intention.

Sizzling (verb)

To make a hissing sound, as in frying or burning.

Haggle (verb)

To bargain in a petty, quibbling, and often contentious manner.

Strew (verb)

To let fall in separate pieces or particles over a surface; scatter or sprinkle.

Pail (noun)

A deep, cylindrical vessel, usually of metal, plastic, or wood, with... Continue reading "Understanding 40 Essential Vocabulary Words" »

English Grammar Cheat Sheet

Stative Verbs

Believe, know, understand, remember, forget, think

Reported Speech

Modal Verbs

Must – had to

Time Expressions

• Now – at the moment
• Today – that day
• Tonight – that night
• This (morning, week) – that (morning, week)
• Yesterday – the day before
• Last (week, month, year) – the (week, month, year) before
• (Two days/ a year) ago – (two days/ a year) earlier
• Tomorrow – the next/following day
• Next (week) – the following (week)

Place

• This – that
• These – those
• Here – there

Questions

• Direct Speech: Where are you going?
• Reported Speech: Mum asked where I was going.
• Direct Speech: Are you famous?, he asked her.
• Reported Speech: He asked her if she was famous.
• Direct Speech: Do you like horror films?, she asked.
• Reported

Effective Media Relations Guidelines

• Identify which journalists are most relevant for which story.
• Read their articles or posts; it takes time, but it pays off.
• Distribute relevant information to the right people.
• Make the media your ally.
• Make journalists’ jobs easier by saving them time and effort. Always be available to provide them with the information they need, in the format they require.
• The media needs news, information, and fillers on a regular basis.
• The media is not interested in what you want. They are only interested in what their readers, listeners, or viewers want.
• Information must be aimed, adapted, and presented in a way that meets their needs and requirements, in their format.
• Establish person-to-person contact.
• Develop a personal

Literary Opposites and Vocabulary

• Beauty: Ugliness
• Dangerous: Safe
• Evil: Pleasant
• Good-looking: Ugly
• Loved: Hated
• Terrible: Good
• Ugly: Beautiful / Good-looking
• Young: Old

Analysis of Chapters 12 and 13: Basil Hallward's Fate

Instruction: Review the following questions and answers based on Chapters 12 and 13 of The Picture of Dorian Gray.

1. Where was Basil going?

   Basil was planning to go to Paris, but Dorian murdered him that night.

2. What had Basil heard about Dorian?

   Basil had heard terrible things about Dorian's reputation.

3. Where did Dorian take Basil?

   Dorian took Basil to his home (specifically, the locked room where the portrait was kept).

4. How did Basil feel when he saw the picture?

   He felt afraid and horrified because the portrait had changed, reflecting Dorian'