Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Baccalaureate

The ER model defines the conceptual view of a database. It works around real-world entities and the associations among them. At view level, the ER model is considered a good option for designing databases.

Entity

An entity can be a real-world object, either animate or inanimate, that can be easily identifiable. For example, in a school database, students, teachers, classes, and courses offered can be considered as entities. All these entities have some attributes or properties that give them their identity.

An entity set is a collection of similar types of entities. An entity set may contain entities with attribute sharing similar values. For example, a Students set may contain all the students of a school; likewise a Teachers set may contain... Continue reading "Understanding the Entity-Relationship Model for Database Design" »

The Beginnings of English Literature: Beowulf

Why Study Beowulf?

• Historical Information
• Understanding Language Use by Famous Writers
• Vocabulary Development

Literary Devices in Beowulf

Beowulf utilizes various literary devices, including alliteration, assonance, caesura, and kennings, to enhance the reader's understanding and interpretation of the text. For example, the alliteration in "Marshes, and made his home in hell" emphasizes the hellish nature of Grendel's dwelling.

Anglo-Saxon Culture

Anglo-Saxon England saw the emergence of a distinct culture, with the Northumbrian dialect playing a significant role. Despite the destruction caused by Viking invasions, around 30,000 lines of Anglo-Saxon poetry have survived. King Alfred the Great played a crucial... Continue reading "A History of English Literature: From Beowulf to Milton" »

The Sounds of Language

A Guide to Phonetic Symbols

Consonants

A 1. We saw a man whose dog bit the postman.

2. She lives in that part of Paris where Jean-Paul Sartre was born.

3. He suddenly started shouting, which shocked me.

4. Windsurfing is a popular sport that needs a good sense of balance.

5. She works in Mario's, which is an Italian restaurant.

B 6. As the boy ran out of the house, he was shouting fire.

7. What she really hated was the dessert.

8. It was his appearance that made everyone laugh.

9. Not wanting to dance, I didn't go to the party.

10. I shook hands with her, saying that she was very funny.

C Choose: 11. What I liked about the film was all the funny jokes.

12. Not understanding the joke ...

13. I sold that's the girl...

14. Who tell, she gets angry with ..

15. Made, what... us very sad.... Continue reading "Improve Your Grammar: Common Mistakes to Avoid" »

Question 1:

What Legal Requirements Does a Construction Business Need to Comply With?

Provide eight examples of items that a Construction Business needs to register for or apply for to ensure legal compliance for its owner/operator. Explain the relevance of each item.

1. Building License: Ensures that the business and its owner/operator are qualified to perform construction work.
2. Industry Association Membership (e.g., HIA, Master Builders): Demonstrates a commitment to industry standards and provides access to resources and support.
3. Home Building Compensation Fund (or equivalent): Provides a safety net to homeowners in case the builder goes bankrupt or is unable to complete the work.
4. Workers Compensation Insurance: Provides coverage for medical expenses

Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)

Figure in the 14th century, 'father of English literature' because he went against the norm and wrote in the language of the people. Life experiences: wine merchant, royal household, spoke French, Latin, and Italian. Soldier and diplomat. Member of Parliament. Wrote the tales around 1385, wrote about all classes in the Canterbury Tales to show English society at the time. Went against tradition because he wrote in Middle English rather than French.

Hierarchy:

• Nobility (knight and squire)
• Clergy (monk, friar, parson, pardoner)
• Middle class (merchant, doctor, student, wife of bath)
• Peasants (miller, plowman, skipper)

Code of Chivalry:

A knight must be: true to his god, defender of the faith, loyal to his lord and king, true... Continue reading "Geoffrey Chaucer: Father of English Literature" »

Should People Stop Eating Meat?

Absolutist State

An authoritarian state of the Modern Ages. The sovereign's power is unlimited and unrestricted. Rulers are not chosen by citizens, and there's no legal way to oppose their orders.

Totalitarian State

The most extreme authoritarian state, with exhaustive control over social and personal spheres. The state controls non-state institutions, civil society, and private life. Media, education, religion, and family are inspected to prevent opposition.

Law

The set of principles and norms governing human relations in society. It's a comprehensive code addressing all aspects of personal and social interactions.

Rights

The faculty or ability of every human being to do what is allowed or demand what aligns with their dignity. Human rights are a... Continue reading "State Forms and Legal Concepts: Absolutism to Natural Law" »

Sociability and self-interest

It’s a position of sociability defended by Thomas Hobbes or Sigmund Freud. Human beings are not social beings by nature, but we live in society for pure self-interest. Our way of being does not lead us to live in society to fulfill ourselves as human beings, but to guarantee our survival.

Therefore, the human being is not predisposed to mingle and cooperate with others; on the contrary, the human being is a selfish being who perceives others as possible rivals in the satisfaction of their desires although because of the difficulties, they look for help in others.

Sociability and nature:

It’s a position of sociability defended by Aristotle or Erich Fromm. The human being is incomplete by nature and, therefore, we... Continue reading "Sociability and Self-Interest: A Philosophical Perspective" »

In 2001, James O’Neill of Goldman Sachs authored a paper titled “Building Better Global Economic BRICs.” The BRICs acronym in the title referred to:

• Brazil
• Russia
• India
• China

These nations are reshaping the international economy with the potential to transform global trade and capital flows. BRICs are large economies, ranking among the world’s top 10 in population and top 11 in GDP. They have undergone reforms that have transformed them, making them more internationally integrated and central to the future of the world economy.

In 2010, these countries accounted for approximately 41 percent of the world’s population and 25 percent of world GDP when measured in PPP terms.

21st Century Growth

China (Post-1978)

• Prior to 1978, private enterprise