Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Baccalaureate

Unit 1: Vocabulary and Grammar

Vocabulary

1.1. 1. agree with, 2. developed into, 3. reminds of, 4. arrive at, 5. blamed for, 6. concentrate on, 7. succeed in, 8. praised for

2.1. 1. banned, 2. workout, 3. glanced, 4. spectator, 5. self-discipline, 6. scruffy, 7. opponents

3.1. 1. neglectful, 2. thrilling, 3. achievable, 4. opposing, 5. performer

4.1. 1. has taken, 2. scored, 3. will defeat, 4. are gathering, 5. draw

Grammar

1.1. 1. every, 2. since, 3. usually, 4. next, 5. last

2.1. 1. was performing, 2. are neglecting, 3. scores, 4. will break, 5. took up, 6. gathered, 7. defeated

3.1. 1. has defeated, 2. joined, 3. haven’t arrived, 4. gave up / had broken, 5. asked, 6. have banned

4.1. 1. have accused of, 2. has been looking at, 3. have arrived at,... Continue reading "English Language Learning: Vocabulary and Grammar Exercises" »

Part 1: Multiple Choice Practice

• I was working when you texted me last night.
• She talked to the client yesterday morning.
• I am looking for the exams right now.
• He was turning the TV on when the power went out.
• We were dealing with the issue when the system suddenly crashed.

Part 2: Verb Tense Comparison

Focusing on Present Progressive, Past Progressive, and Simple Past.

• I was picking up my friend when you called me.
• She did not follow up with the client yesterday.
• We are waking up right now.
• They arrived late this morning.
• I was looking for my keys when I found my phone.

Part 3: Phrasal Verbs in Context

• I ran into my teacher.
• Correction: She’s looking for the information (instead of "She’s looking the information").
• You waited for me yesterday.
• We talked

Time Value of Money and Interest Formulas

Time Value of Money (TVM): Money received sooner is more valuable than money received later because of the returns you can earn by investing it.

Compound Interest Formulas

• Standard Compounding: FV = PV(1+k)ⁿ (Use if asked to compound for any period > 1 day).
• Continuous Compounding: FV = PV x e^{APR x t} (Use if compounding is continuous, < 1 day, where t = years).

In these formulas, k = APR/m and n = t x m. The Future Value Interest Factor is (1+k)ⁿ, while the Present Value factor is its inverse.

The Annual Percentage Rate (APR) is also known as the Quoted Rate or Nominal Interest Rate. It should not be used directly for TVM; it must be converted to an Effective Rate based on the compounding frequency... Continue reading "Financial Valuation Principles and Market Regulations" »

Hotel Communication and Vocabulary

• 1. Two
• 2. Hasn't
• 3. 15
• 4. Changeover
• 5. Ground
• 6. Late lunch

Dialogue snippets:

• I’ll check if housekeeping has finished servicing your rooms yet.
• Yes, thanks. We’ve already had coffee.
• We’ve had a long flight plus a two-hour coach transfer from the airport.
• Your rooms won’t be ready for another two hours.
• Of course. I’ll page the duty manager for you.
• I want to complain about the delay in checking into our rooms.
• The travel company transferred us with no tour representative or information.
• We shouldn’t have to meet at the airport.

Case Study: Millie Harrison's Complaint

1. Who is Millie Harrison writing to? She is writing to the manager of the National Hotel.
2. When did she stay at the National Hotel? She stayed from

📌 Reported Speech Cheat Sheet

🔹 Tense Changes

• Present simple → Past simple
  👉 “I play” → he said he played
• Present continuous → Past continuous
  👉 “I am studying” → he said he was studying
• Past simple → Past perfect
  👉 “I went” → he said he had gone
• Present perfect → Past perfect
  👉 “I have eaten” → he said he had eaten

Pronoun changes (depending on the speaker):
I → he/she | my → his/her | you → I/we/they | me → him/her | our → their | us → them

🔹 Reported Speech Structures

• Statements: said (that)
• Orders: told/ordered + person + to + verb
  👉 “Close the door” → he told me to close the door
• Questions:
  • Yes/No: use if
    👉 “Did you go?” → he asked if I had gone
  • WH-questions: use normal word

Memory Management: Stack vs. Heap

The memory in Java is divided into two main areas:

• Stack: Used for local primitive variables, local reference variables, and method calls.
• Heap: Used for newly created objects.

Common Errors:

• StackOverflowError: Occurs when the stack is overused.
• OutOfMemoryError: Occurs when the heap is too full.

Access Control and Class Structure

Standard practices for class design include:

• Public: Classes and constructors.
• Private: Instance variables.
• Public: Getters and setters to control access to class members.

Instance vs. Static:

• Instance: Belongs to a particular object.
• Static: Belongs to the class itself and is shared by all objects.

Variables and Data Types

Local variables must be initialized before use. When using arrays, they... Continue reading "Java Memory Management and Inheritance Principles" »

TI-Nspire Engineering Economy Cheat Sheet

The Master Tools (F and G)

The Golden Rule: Look at the factor attached in the menu. The letter on the bottom of the fraction dictates what goes in that V slot.

Tool G: Present Worth (PW) Master Tool

Use to pull all money to Year 0 (today).

• Menu: V1 + V2*(P/A) + V3*(P/G) + V4*(P/F)
• V1 [No Factor]: Initial Investment (P). (Usually negative)
• V2 (P/A): Base Annual Income/Expense (A).
• V3 (P/G): Gradient Amount (G). (Amount A changes each year)
• V4 (P/F): Salvage Value / Future Value (F).

Tool F: Annual Worth (AW) Master Tool

Use to flatten all money into equal yearly amounts.

• Menu: V1 + V2*(A/P) + V3*(A/F) + V4*(A/G)
• V1 [No Factor]: Base Annual Income/Expense (A).
• V2 (A/P): Initial Investment (P). (Usually negative)
• V3

OPRE 3310 Exam 1 Practice Questions

1) A supply chain with a distributor has more product handling than one without a distributor.

▢ True ▢ False

2) Lead time is a way to measure the availability of inventory.

▢ True ▢ False

3) Goods-producing organizations are not involved in service activities.

▢ True ▢ False

4) Service operations require additional inventory because of the unpredictability of consumer demand.

▢ True ▢ False

5) Prior to the Industrial Revolution, goods were produced primarily by craftsmen or their apprentices using custom-made parts.

▢ True ▢ False

6) Services can be stored and are not provided “on demand.”

▢ True ▢ False

7) Productivity is defined as the ratio of output to input.

▢ True ▢ False

8) As long... Continue reading "Operations Management and Supply Chain Exam Prep" »

Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary

Reading Exercises

• -1R: Dramatical, They have been, That is, until, Now while, They raise.
• -2n: A current, For example, however they, Also while, At the moment.
• -3r: So how do, According to experts, They warn, Some researchers.
• -4t: Another interesting, How can, Design fiction, While computer, Humans.
• -5t: Although, they just, design fiction, this type, the aim, after all.

Vocabulary (P188): Binomial Pairs

Common English binomials: cause and effect, supply and demand, pros and cons, forgive and forget, backwards and forwards, live and learn, peace and quiet, safety and health, thunder and lightning, right or wrong, now or never, more or less, sooner or later, all or nothing, once or twice, dead or alive, rain or... Continue reading "English Grammar and Vocabulary Mastery for Science Students" »

Memory and Recollection

• Blot out: Forget
• Evoke: Bring to mind
• Recall / Remind / Reminisce: Remember
• Suppress: Forget
• A trip down memory lane: Reminds you of pleasant or sentimental memories
• Come flooding back: Suddenly or strongly remembered
• Memory like a sieve: Very bad memory
• Jog your memory: Cause to remember
• Know something by heart: From memory
• Rack your brains: Try hard to remember
• Ring a bell: Remind of something
• Take you back to: Remind you of a specific time

Common Phrasal Verbs and Meanings

• Walk out on: Leave
• Stand up for: Defend
• Go for: Decide on
• Look into: Investigate
• Turn out: Happen or develop
• Play up: Behave badly (portarse mal)
• Sign up for: Enroll in (matricularse en)
• Account for: Cover from total
• Go down: Decrease
• Look down on: Despise (despreciar)