Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Baccalaureate

Traffic Management in London: Answer Key

(A) Comprehension Questions (4 points)

1. Reason for Traffic Increase: Because traffic has increased significantly since the scheme's introduction.
2. Methods of Reduction: By collecting money from fees and fines and reducing private traffic. (Both reasons must be given.)
3. Statement 3: TRUE. All motorists coming into the capital between 7:00 a.m. and 6:30 p.m. have to pay a £5 admission fee. (Line 4)
4. Statement 4: FALSE. The Government took an attitude of wait and see. (Line 8)
5. Statement 5: FALSE. Private traffic is now down by 20 per cent. (Line 9)
6. Statement 6: TRUE. If you put it in a package, a majority of motorists will support it. (Lines 12-14)

(B) Use of English and Vocabulary (3 points)

7. Synonyms for Pleased:

... Continue reading "English Practice Key: London Congestion Charge and Japanese Imperial Family Protocol" »

5hcm Loc is a novel by Miguel Delibes (1920) published in 1966. This author is considered as the most representative of intimate realism. The creation of Delibes covers many topics: childhood, sports, wildlife and the denunciation of social injustices. He has received several considerations and galrdones including membership of the Royal Academy of the tongue or to be named Favorite Son of Valladolid and Andalusia. Abstract: 3HCM is a monologue about memories of a woman who watches the corpse of her husband. It is one of the most famous of Delibes and Tatro was made into very successful with audiences and critics. The book is divided into three parts: prologue and epilogue monologue. Both the prologue to the epilogue how to use 3rd person omniscient... Continue reading "Five hours with Mario" »

Vida San Sebastian was born in 1872. He studied medicine but soon served as a doctor. His contacts with writers led him to indulge his literary vocation. 1900 he published first books. 1911 the tree of knowledge, articles and essays, 17 novels. 1935 consolidated fame, joins civil war SAR surprises in the Basque country and goes to France. 1940 back to Madrid, creative capacity is exhausted, he died in 1956. Personality lonely and bitter mood, sincere, more sensitivity is necessary, shy spirit of independence and opted for self-reflection to which it attributed to an imbalance and a spirit of mad man. Pessimistic about the man and the world, felt tenderness for helpless beings, not whether the world would be happy for it to mourn a child. In... Continue reading "Pio Baroja, and "The Tree of Knowledge"" »

pure substance: is a phase of uniform composition and unchanging can not be decomposed into other substances of different classes by physical methods.

elements: they are pure substances that can not be decomposed into simpler ones through normal chemical processes.

compounds: they are pure substances made up of two or more elements, which can be decomposed by chemical methods on the elements of which are constituted. A compound always has the same elements and the same proportions regardless of the process followed.

Blended is an aggregation of different substances without causing any chemical reaction between them and therefore may be separated by physical methods.

ponderal laws: they refer to the quantity of matter of different substances... Continue reading "Laws ponderal" »

English Grammar Essentials

Active and Passive Voice Tenses

Tense	ACTIVE Voice (Example)	PASSIVE Voice (Example)
Present Simple	We bake bread here.	The bread is baked here.
Present Continuous	We are baking bread.	The bread is being baked.
Present Perfect	We have baked bread.	The bread has been baked.
Past Simple	We baked bread yesterday.	The bread was baked.
Past Continuous	We were baking bread.	The bread was being baked.
Past Perfect	We had baked bread.	The bread had been baked.
Future Simple (Will)	We will bake bread.	The bread will be baked.
Future (Going To)	We are going to bake bread.	The bread is going to be baked.
Modal Verb	We should bake bread.	The bread should be baked.

Time Clauses and Subordinating Conjunctions

Conjunction	Example Sentence
WHEN	Let's cross the bridge

... Continue reading "English Grammar & Finance Vocabulary Reference Tables" »

Conditionals

Zero Conditional

If + present simple, ... present simple

First Conditional

If + present simple, ... will + infinitive

Second Conditional

If + past simple, ... would + infinitive

Third Conditional

If + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle

The Passive Voice (Active/Passive)

Present Simple

Active: The waiter serves the customers.

Passive: The customers are served by the waiter.

Present Continuous

Active: The waiter is serving the customers.

Passive: The customers are being served by the waiter.

Past Simple

Active: The waiter served the customers.

Passive: The customers were served by the waiter.

Past Continuous

Active: The waiter was serving the customers.

Passive: The customers were being served by the waiter.

Present Perfect Simple

Active:... Continue reading "English Grammar and Vocabulary Guide: Conditionals, Passive Voice, and More" »

Connectors of Addition

• And: y
• Secondly: En segundo lugar
• Then / Next: Después / Luego
• Also / Too: También
• As well as: Además de
• Moreover / Furthermore: Además / Es más
• In fact / As a matter of fact: De hecho
• Actually: En realidad / De hecho
• Anyway: En cualquier caso / De todas formas
• Besides: Además / Aparte
• By the way: A propósito / Por cierto
• In other words: En otras palabras
• That is to say: O sea / Es decir
• In addition: Además
• Such as: Como / Por ejemplo
• Like: Como / Por ejemplo
• Above all: Sobre todo
• Or rather: O / O mejor

Adversative Connectors

• But: Pero
• However: Sin embargo
• Nonetheless / Nevertheless: No obstante
• Yet / Even so: Sin embargo / Aun así
• Still: De todas maneras
• Instead: En lugar de
• Whereas / While: Mientras que
• On the contrary: Al contrario
• On

... Continue reading "Essential English Connectors & Linking Words (Spanish)" »

Essential Vocabulary and Phrases

Customer Service & Complaints

• Poor quality / Bad service
• Delivery (repartiment)
• Refund (retornar)
• Exchange (intercanvi)
• Free of charge (gratis)
• Disappointed with the service

Complaint Phrases:

• "I am writing because I would like to complain about the [product/service] which I ordered by post from your factory."
• "I think that you should..."
• "I would appreciate it if you would..."
• "Please reply as soon as possible."

Movie Review Terminology

• Dramatic (espectacular)
• Disappointing
• A masterpiece (obra mestra)
• A box-office hit (èxit de taquilla)
• "It's directed by..."
• "Is well worth seeing" (va valdre la pena)
• "You won't regret it" (no te'n penediràs)
• "Reported that..."
• "Added that..."

Reading Comprehension Exercises

Athlete Retirement

... Continue reading "English Language Practice: Key Phrases & Comprehension" »

Philosophical Critiques of Descartes' "Cogito Ergo Sum"

Huet's Challenge to Cartesian Evidence

A critique, often attributed to Pierre Daniel Huet, questions the Cartesian "Cogito ergo sum." It posits that we cannot accept the existence of reason as self-evident if its establishment as the rule of evidence could have been manipulated by an evil genius.

Descartes' Answer: Descartes counters that reason is an intuitive truth that reveals itself; it does not merely validate a rule of evidence established on a provisional basis. On the contrary, finding that the existence of reason is an irrefutable truth is, in fact, legitimized by the rule of evidence (though, Descartes concedes, ultimately legitimized only by God).

Hume's Empiricist Critique of the

... Continue reading "Descartes' Cogito: Philosophical Critiques of the Self" »

Botas

1.- 1E 2C 3D 4A 5B

2.-

A: ____ Could you clean up your shoes ?
(Make a request about the picture on the left)

B: __Ohh, sorry, but I don’t have time, I’ll clean
up in the afternoon.

3.-

1. __First, try not to put metal objects inside.
2. _ Remember to set up the clock.
3. _ Don’t forget to close the door before starting up.

4.-

1.What are robots used for? They are used in difficult tasks for humans and are also used for research in universities, among others.

2.How do computers make life easier? Computers make our lives easier because they help us to get information, do transactions, pay bills, among others. Nowadays, they are always present.

Silla

1.- 1B 2C 3D 4E 5A

2.-

A: __Please, put on your jacket_____________?
(Make a request about the picture

... Continue reading "Understanding Everyday Technology and Its Uses" »