Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

The Nervous System

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain

Located inside the head, the brain is divided into three regions:

• Cerebrum: Receives and interprets information from the sense organs. Language, memory, learning, and thinking are located here.
• Cerebellum: Plays an important role in motor control and motor learning. It acts in coordination and precision.
• Brain Stem: Joins the brain and spinal cord. It controls involuntary actions.

Spinal Cord

A long, thin tube running inside the backbone, the spinal cord transports information from the brain to the nerves and carries reflexes.

Protection of the CNS

• Hard: Bones protect the CNS. The brain is protected by the skull, and the spinal cord is protected by the backbone.
• Soft: Meninges, a system of membranes

Essential Phrases for Daily Interactions

Asking about Departure Time:

• ¿A qué hora sales de casa? (What time do you leave home?)

Expressing Likes and Dislikes:

• A ella le gusta su trabajo. (She likes her job.)
• A él no le gusta trabajar. (He doesn't like working.)

Workplace Communication:

• Necesito que archives estos documentos. (I need you to file these documents.)

Inquiring about Meetings:

• No sé cuándo es la reunión. ¿Cuándo es la reunión? (I don't know when the meeting is. When is the meeting?)
• ¿Sabes a qué hora es la reunión? (Do you know what time the meeting is?)

Telling Time:

• Son las cinco menos cuarto. (It is a quarter to five.)
• Son las cinco y cuarto. (It is a quarter past five.)

Managing Time and Resources:

• No hay suficiente tiempo. (There

Classroom Phrases and Vocabulary

Ending the Class

Ordinal Numbers & Time Vocabulary

Weather Vocabulary

Parts of a Page

Good morning, teacher. In the following presentation, I will talk to you about food engineers and their importance to society. Food engineering produces what our country eats. The importance of good nutrition is not necessarily common sense. In fact, it was only in 1979 that World Food Day was established. In recent years, diverse issues have been addressed, such as food prices, food safety, and biodiversity.

What is a Food Engineer?

A Food Engineer is a professional who can design, plan, adapt, innovate, control, and optimize the production process in the food industry. But what does this mean? To begin with, every engineering discipline implies using knowledge and technologies with a scientific basis (mathematics, biology, and chemistry, among... Continue reading "Food Engineering: Shaping Chile's Agribusiness Future" »

Pliars: The plier is a hand tool. It is my favorite tool. It is very useful for many kinds of different jobs; for example, it is useful for electricians. It is made of metal, plastic, steel, and other materials. It has a plastic handle, which is insulating. It is used for picking up objects and cutting wire; also, this tool is used for tightening wires. There are many kinds of pliers, like needle nose pliers, clamping pliers, lineman pliers, and side-cutting pliers.

Cutting Tools: It has a special insulating plastic handle and a steel blade. It is made of a lot of different colors. There are many kinds of cutting tools like cutters, electrician scissors, wire strippers, and hacksaws. These tools are very dangerous because they can cut your hands... Continue reading "Essential Hand Tools for Electricians and Their Uses" »

Mastering Irregular Verbs in English

What are Irregular Verbs?

Irregular verbs are verbs that do not follow the standard pattern of adding -ed or -d to form their past simple and past participle forms. Mastering these verbs is crucial for achieving fluency in English.

List of Common Irregular Verbs

This list provides the infinitive, past simple, past participle, and Spanish translation for each verb.

• Be (Was/Were) Been - Ser/Estar
• Give (Gave) Given - Dar
• Become (Became) Become - Llegar a ser
• Go (Went) Gone - Ir
• Begin (Began) Begun - Empezar
• Grow (Grew) Grown - Crecer/Cultivar
• Bite (Bit) Bitten - Morder/Picar
• Have (Had) Had - Tener
• Break (Broke) Broken - Romper
• Hide (Hid) Hidden - Esconder
• Bring (Brought) Brought - Traer
• Hit (Hit) Hit - Golpear
• Build (Built)

My Passion for Football

My favorite sport is football. I like to watch it on TV.

Following FC Barcelona and Lionel Messi

I am really keen on the Barça team, and Messi is my favorite football player in the world.

Playing Football Every Weekend

I like to play football, too. I play it every weekend, and I think I'm quite good at it. I play as a forward and score a lot of goals.

Celebrating After the Game

When we finish playing, my friends and I usually go out to celebrate, and we always have a good time.

Football is My Life

I love football! I don't know what I would do without it because I don't like any other sport. Football is my life!

Foundational Concepts in US Constitutional Law

Judicial Philosophies

Judicial Restraint

Follows a strict interpretation of the Constitution and emphasizes adherence to established precedent (Stare Decisis). Judges should limit the exercise of their own power.

Judicial Activism

Involves loosely interpreting and applying the Constitution based on ongoing societal changes and values. Activist judges may sometimes go against established precedent to achieve desired social outcomes.

Philosophy in Supreme Court Cases

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) is often cited as an example of Judicial Restraint.
• Brown v. Board of Education (1954) is often cited as an example of Judicial Activism.

Key Legal Principles and Procedures

Judicial Review

The power of the Supreme Court