Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Les Quatre Grans Cròniques i els Registres Lingüístics

Les Cròniques

Eren obres que relataven la història d'un rei, d'un regne o d'un senyor feudal, amb vocació propagandística.

Les 4 Grans Cròniques

• El llibre dels fets del rei Jaume I: feta per ell mateix, narra les conquestes que ell mateix havia fet a Mallorca, Eivissa i el regne de València.
• La crònica del rei en Pere: escrita per Bernart Desclot, relata principalment la campanya de Sicília del rei Pere II contra els francesos.
• La crònica escrita per Ramon Muntaner: conta la conquesta d'Alfons el Franc de Menorca i se centra en el regnat de Jaume II el Just, l'inici de la conquesta de Roger de Flor i els almogàvers dels ducats d'Atenes i Neopàtria.
• La crònica escrita pel rei Pere

Shopping Vocabulary

• A boutique: boutique
• A flea market: mercadillo
• A car boot sale: mercado de segunda mano
• A chain store: cadena
• A greengrocer's: frutería
• An outdoor market: mercadillo de fruta
• Crafts: cosas artesanales
• Trendy clothes: ropa de moda
• Furniture: muebles
• Electrical appliances: aparatos electrónicos
• Jewelry: joyas
• Get a discount: conseguir un descuento
• Return a purchase: devolver compras
• Pay in instalments: pagar a plazos
• Bargain over the price: regatear el precio
• Find designer brands: encontrar artículos de diseño
• Get a refund: recuperar el dinero
• Brand new: nuevo a estrenar
• Brand-name: de marca
• Rip off: estafa
• Budget: presupuesto
• Purchase: compra
• Bargains: gangas
• Debt: deuda
• Shopaholics: adictos a las compras
• Seller: vendedor
• Recipient: destinatario
• Receipt:

1. Legal and Economic Definition of Enterprise

Economic definition of enterprise

• An enterprise may be defined as an organized assemblage of capital and work intended for manufacturing or distributing goods or services for meeting market demand.
• It designates activity and the instrumental organization.

Legal definition of enterprise

There is no single unitary concept of "enterprise" from the legal point of view. In legal terminology the concept of enterprise can embody different meanings. Thus it is clear that the concept of enterprise in laws against restraints on competition does not coincide with that of corporation law. In company law, an enterprise is identified with the single legal personality of each company or corporation; in restraints-... Continue reading "Enterprise and Entrepreneur: Legal & Economic Definitions" »

Market Fundamentals

Price: the amount of money required to buy something.

Sale: an exchange of money for goods.

Consumer: a person who makes a purchase.

Spending: the act of using money for purchases.

Trend: a general course of action that repeats.

Elasticity: the effect of a change in one variable on another.

Supply: to provide something.

Determine: to have an effect on an outcome.

Supply and Demand Dynamics

Supply: The available amount of steel is low this year.

Quantity: What amount did the factory produce?

Goods: These products for sale are too expensive.

Surplus: Low sales created an extra amount of wheat.

Downturn: Many jobs were lost during the decrease in economic activity.

Demand: The amount wanted by customers for coats increases in the winter.

Corporate

Essential Genetics Terminology

Conjugation: Genetic Material Transfer

Conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between unicellular individuals through direct cell-to-cell contact.

Bacterial Conjugation: Not Sexual Reproduction

Bacterial conjugation is often incorrectly regarded as the bacterial equivalent of sexual reproduction or mating.

Spermatogenesis: Male Sperm Development

Spermatogenesis is the process by which male spermatogonia develop into sperm cells.

Oogenesis: Female Egg Development

Oogenesis is the process by which female oogonia develop into egg cells.

Monohybrid Cross: Single Trait Inheritance

A monohybrid cross is a method of tracking the inheritance of a single trait from a pair of homozygous grandparents through generation F₁... Continue reading "Essential Genetics Terminology & Concepts" »

Java Programming Fundamentals

This document provides a quick reference to fundamental Java programming concepts, including object-oriented programming basics, common data structures like ArrayLists, handling user input, string manipulation, type conversion, and file input/output operations.

Object-Oriented Programming: The Persona Class

Below is a basic definition of a Persona class, illustrating fields and a constructor. In a complete implementation, you would also include getter and setter methods for each field.

public class Persona {
    private String nombre;
    private int ojos;
    private int piernas; // Added for completeness based on constructor
    private int brazos; // Added for completeness based on constructor

    public Persona(

Types of Car – Tipos de Coche

• Cab / Taxi – taxi
• Convertible – descapotable
• Estate car – coche familiar
• Family car – coche familiar
• Four-wheel drive – todoterreno
• Hatchback – coche sin culo
• Limo / Limousine – limusina
• Minivan / MPV – monovolumen
• Saloon – sedán
• Sports car – coche deportivo
• SUV – todoterreno deportivo
• Van – furgoneta

Car Exterior – Exterior del Coche

• Aerial / Antenna – antena de radio
• Bonnet – capó
• Boot – maletero
• Bumper – paragolpes
• Door – puerta
• Door handle – tirador de puerta
• Exhaust pipe – tubo de escape
• Fog lamp – antiniebla
• Headlight – luces delanteras
• Hubcap – tapacubos
• Number / Licence plate – matrícula
• Rear light – luces traseras
• Roof – techo
• Roof rack – baca
• Sunroof – techo solar
• Tyre

Causes of Imperialism

Economic Rivalry

Competition between countries for lands increased military expenditure.

Political Rivalry

New powers (USA and France), alliances, Balkans conflict.

Colonialism

• Industrial development = demographic growth - life improves
• Strategic moves
• Developed countries compete for dominance = suspicion between powers

Congress of Berlin

USA, Germany, Japan VS England

Portugal, Belgium, Italy: interested in African colonies (raw materials)

German Otto von Bismarck distributed Africa.

Consequences of Colonialism

For the Colonies

• No industrialization
• Land exploitation
• Imposition of conquering power
• Destruction of ethnic structures
• Artificial borders

For the Empires

• Development of industrialization
• Strategic moves
• Arms race
• Suspicion between powers
• Prestige
• Introduced

Customer Complaint and Resolution

Complaint: Dear Mr. Lopez, I am writing with regard to our order of office equipment, Invoice #56320. This order was supposed to arrive at our main office on Thursday, but the products did not arrive. Please send the order as fast as possible because our employees need these items. This has caused us great inconvenience, and we may lose significant time. Furthermore, I feel that you should offer us some form of compensation for this inconvenience. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely.

Response to Complaint:

Response: Dear Ms. Sara, thank you for your letter of (Date) in which you complained about a delivery issue (Invoice). First of all, please accept our **apology** for this mistake. We have sent... Continue reading "Resolving Customer Complaints and Business Updates" »

African American Writing and Pluralism

Sacvan Bercovitch’s The Cambridge History of American Literature: American literature is described as fundamentally pluralistic. He characterizes his volume as "a federated history of American literatures."

African Americans After the Civil War

Abolition of slavery did not end racial discrimination. African Americans continued to face inferior status and white supremacy.

In the South

Jim Crow laws, the doctrine of "separate but equal," and violent organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan enforced racial segregation and oppression.

In the North

Segregation and social exclusion produced ghettos and economic marginalization. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, founded 1909) worked... Continue reading "African American Literature: History, Movements and Key Works" »