Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

English verb tenses are fundamental for clear communication. Here's a breakdown of their forms:

Understanding English Verb Tenses

Present Simple

• I go
• He doesn’t go
• Do you go?

Present Continuous

• I am playing
• He isn’t playing
• Are you playing?

Present Perfect Simple

• I have worked
• He hasn’t worked
• Have you worked?

Present Perfect Continuous

• I have been waiting
• He hasn’t been waiting
• Have you been waiting?

Past Simple

• I walked
• He didn’t walk
• Did you walk?

Past Continuous

• I was studying
• He wasn’t studying
• Were you studying?

Past Perfect Simple

• I had arrived
• He hadn’t arrived
• Had you arrived?

Past Perfect Continuous

• I had been cooking
• He hadn’t been cooking
• Had you been cooking?

Future Simple

• I will invite
• He won’t invite
• Will you invite?

Future Perfect Simple

• I will

The Role and Responsibilities of a Civil Engineer

A Civil Engineer is a highly trained professional responsible for constructing various types of structures and infrastructure. Their work involves several critical phases:

1. Site Assessment: The engineer must thoroughly study the area where construction will take place, analyzing ground conditions, especially if the location is a seismic zone.
2. Design and Planning: They must create the project plans, determine the appropriate foundations, and select the most suitable type of concrete for the structure.
3. Supervision: The engineer must carefully supervise the work until its finalization.

Understanding Civil Engineering

Civil engineering is responsible for the creation of infrastructures, transport works,... Continue reading "Civil Engineering Fundamentals: Role, Process, and Construction Vocabulary" »

SMART Objectives

SMART objectives: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound

Aims vs. Objectives

Difference between aims and objectives: Aims are general statements concerning the overall goals, ends, or intentions of teaching. Objectives are the individual stages that learners must achieve to reach these goals.

AIDA

AIDA: Attention, Interest, Desire, Action. The objective is close to the sale.

Marketing Mix

Marketing mix: 4 aspects to be considered in the market: product, price, distribution, and promotion.

KPIs

KPIs: Numbers related to the objectives set within our strategy or annual marketing plan.

The Boston Matrix

The Boston Matrix: Relationship with the commission and the growth of the market.

The Body Shop (Auditing)

How do the auditing

The Creation of the USSR

In 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was created.

Political Organisation

The political organisation of the USSR put into practice Marxist ideas (communism) with the establishment of a proletariat dictatorship.

• Political power was held by the soviets, which had the power to make laws and choose the people who held executive power.
• The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was the only political party, representing the interests of the workers.

Economy

Lenin was forced to postpone the implementation of socialism due to food shortages caused by the civil war. The New Economic Policy (NEP) allowed some capitalist systems. Peasants could sell their produce, and small private artisan shops were set up. The state... Continue reading "The Creation and Art of the USSR" »

Forecasting Market Methods: Long and Short Term

A company’s production schedules, planned manning levels, and financial budgeting are all related to the sales forecast. A too optimistic forecast can lead to excess stocks being accumulated, over-production and high manning levels, and over-borrowing or inefficient deployment of financial resources. A pessimistic forecast can lead to large opportunity costs and frustration among potential buyers because of late or no delivery. Firms adopt various approaches to sales forecasting, but the basic approach is to (according to T. Proctor):

Stage 1.

Make an environmental forecast regarding inflation, employment, interest rates, consumer spending and saving, and business investment.

Stage 2.

Make a forecast... Continue reading "Market Forecasting Methods: Short & Long Term Techniques" »

Strategic Organization

Management Department: Marketing Communication, Human Resources, Financial Department.

Operations: Manager, Lounge, Kitchen, and Purchases.

Operations Area Organization Chart Example

Operations: Food & Beverage Director > Chef de Cuisine > Sous Chef > Asst. Chef de Partie; Bakery and Cook.

Asst. F&B Manager; Restaurant & Bar Manager; Banquet Manager; Chief Steward. (These are the three main roles, each of which leads to lower-level positions.)

Self-Assessment of Capabilities

Autodiagnosis: Self-evaluate your skills in sales, languages, taking orders, wine service, coffee machine operation, carrying trays, table setting, etc.

People Management

Dirección de Personas: Planning, Selection, Integration, Training,... Continue reading "Restaurant Operations and Financial Management" »

Phases in Web Creation

1. Stage 1: Conceptualization

(1) Project Definition:

• Gather as much information as possible to determine what you want (and don't want) for your site.
• Analyze websites you currently use, along with competitors' sites, and gather feedback from colleagues and business peers.
• Develop a solid understanding of the company that will own the site.
• Define the website's purpose, goals, target audience, and content.

(2) Project Scope:

• Create a well-defined project scope plan outlining specific activities, deliverables, and timelines to set clear expectations.

Gantt Chart:

• One of the most common ways to track web projects.
• Outlines major activities, associated tasks, and start and end dates.
• Provides a visual reference for the team.
• Creates

October Revolution: Rise of the Bolsheviks in Russia

Kerensky's government aimed to establish a parliamentary republic in Russia. However, the Bolsheviks and the Petrograd Soviet opposed these plans, seeking to create a new Republic of Soviets.

The Revolutionary Days

The Bolshevik party had been banned, and Lenin was in exile. Despite this, Lenin remained determined to seize power, and the Soviets planned the insurrection. The victory in Petrograd was decisive, and the revolution subsequently spread to Moscow and several industrialized areas.

First Revolutionary Measures

The Second Congress of Soviets overthrew the provisional government and approved the formation of a council headed by Lenin, which became the first government of workers and peasants.... Continue reading "The October Revolution: Rise of the Bolsheviks in Russia" »

• Accuracy

  Tells us how correct a GPS measurement is.

• Array

  A group of disk drives that are connected and used as a single unit.

• Assembler

  A program that translates low-level programming language into machine code.

• Attachment

  A file sent as part of an email.

• Avatar

  An image in a computer game that represents a person.

• Barcode

  An arrangement of lines and spaces that represent data.

• Bit

  The smallest unit of computer data.

• Bitrate

  A measurement of the amount of data that is processed.

• Broadband

  A system that allows computers to transfer large amounts of information.

• Calibration

  The act of adjusting printers and scanners to display colors correctly.

• Capacity

  The amount of space an MP3 player has to store files.

• Catalog

  An inventory of books in a library.

• Cell phone

  A wireless