Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Vocational training

Office Duties

• Answer incoming calls = atender trucades de invitados
• Data entry = introduir dades
• Deliver the message = entregar el mensaje
• Distribute the incoming mail = distribuir el correu
• File documents = arxivar documents
• Keep a log = mantenir un registre
• Order supplies = pedir suministros
• Schedule a meeting = programar una reunió
• Screen a call = filtrar trucades
• Send a fax = enviar un fax
• Show someone around = mostrar algo a algú
• Type agendas = escriure a l'agenda
• Update a mailing list = actualitzar una llista de correu
• Word processing = processador de textos

Office Supplies

• A box of = una caja de
• A sheet of = un full de (packet, pair, roll)
• Air conditioner = aire acondicionado
• Coat rack = perchero
• Filing cabinet = archivador
• Shredder = trituradora
• Waste

Well Cementing: Primary and Remedial Operations

Primary Cementing

Primary cementing is the process of placing a cement sheath in the annulus between the casing and the formation. Its objectives include:

• Removing drilling fluid from the casing interior and borehole
• Placing a cement slurry in the annulus
• Filling the casing interior with a displacement fluid (e.g., drilling fluid, brine, water)

A bottom plug separates the cement slurry from the drilling fluid, while a top plug separates it from the displacement fluid. The bottom plug ruptures upon landing at the casing string's bottom, allowing the cement slurry to flow into the annulus.

Remedial Cementing

Remedial cementing occurs after primary cementing to inject cements into strategic well locations... Continue reading "Well Cementing: Primary and Remedial Operations for Well Integrity" »

After 5 years studying International business and with an emphasis on Finance, I would like to expand my knowledge in this field by applying to the MBA in Finance & Businesses program at Wharton University of Pennsylvania. During my years of study in Universidad del Norte, finance was my field of interest, I took every course of finances with the best attitude because I believe that is the most important factor in a company. Finance became a field of interest because of my high school years, I always wanted to know what happens with the money inside a business. I studied at Liceo de Cervantes school in Barranquilla and that was the beginning of the affection I have for it. I participated in entrepreneurship contests for acquiring more knowledge... Continue reading "Pursuing an MBA in Finance & Business at Wharton University" »

Excuse me, can you tell me where the post office is?

¿Dónde está?

Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the post office?

¿Puede decirme cómo llegar?

Of course,

Go straight on - Go straight ahead - Go along this street

Turn right - Turn left

Take the second/third turning on the right/left

It's on the right

It's two/three blocks away on the right/left

First - Primero

Next - Siguiente

Finally - Finalmente

Then - Luego

Wallet - Billetera

Trousers - Pantalones

Heating - Calefacción

Raincoat - Impermeable

Cooker - Estufa

Wear - Vestir

Belt - Cinturón

Skirt - Falda

Envelope - Sobre

Insurance - Seguro

Message - Mensaje

Subject - Tema

Bill - Factura

Form - Formulario

Clever - Inteligente

Library - Biblioteca

Sweater - Suéter

Using Voicemail

• Contact someone off the hook: Press this button
• Delete: Press receiver
• Dial a phone number: Record an outgoing message
• Enter your access code: Replay
• Fast forward: Retrieve
• Listen to incoming messages: Review
• Location: Rewind
• Loud/Loudspeaker: Volume
• Modify: Save

Using the Intranet

• Attachment: doc. adjunto
• Background: fondo
• Bold: negrita
• Bullet: viñeta
• Column: Lower case letters: minúscula
• Copy: Paragraph
• Cut: Password
• Desktop: Paste
• Double click: Reply: contestar
• Flow chart: organigrama
• Font: Row: fila
• Forward: reenviar
• Heading: título
• Icon: Italics: cursiva
• Log in: iniciar sesión
• Log out: cerrar sesión
• Underline: subrayar
• Upper case letters: mayúscula
• Username:

Extra

• Alignment: alineación
• Flash: destello
• Headset: auriculares
• Hold: espera
• Increased security:

Ok, Georgios, let's get down to business.

Good idea. So, shall we start by discussing the first aid training package?

Well, we already have some people with first aid training.

But we need some first aid courses for beginners. We also need refresher courses, where people return every year to improve their skills. So we'd like you to provide both beginner and refresher courses for our staff.

We can agree to that. What I propose is a package of a beginner course plus refresher courses for more experienced people.

That would be fine for us.

So these are the courses that we offer. You can see all the dates and the prices here.

Yes, I see. Tell me, Martina, what is your priority here?

It's essential that our factories follow the law. We want to have all... Continue reading "Health and Safety Training Package for Factories" »

The World Trade Organization (WTO)

Introduction

The establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, following the Uruguay Round of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), represents a pivotal moment in the history of international trade. GATT, the precursor to the WTO, was founded in 1948 by 23 countries. It liberalized trade and fostered an environment that paved the way for the WTO's evolution. The WTO's scope is significantly broader than that of GATT, encompassing areas such as textiles, agriculture, services, and intellectual property, which were previously excluded under GATT.

Guiding Principles of the WTO

The core guiding principles of the WTO are:

• Non-discrimination among members in granting favors

Science and Technology Vocabulary

Astronomy and Space Exploration

Words

• Alien (adj/n): Extraterrestrial
• Antidepressant (n)
• Astronomer (n)
• Black Hole (n)
• Galaxy (n)
• Geologist (n)
• Gravity (n)
• Parallel Universe (n)
• Physicist (n)
• Telescope (n)

Phrases

• Remote: Lejano
• Set of Scales

Medicine and Health

Words

• Antibiotic (n)
• Cure (v)
• Disease (n): Enfermedad
• Doomed (a): Condenado
• Heal (v): Sanar
• Immune (adj)
• Implant (n/v)
• Organ Transplant (n)
• Painkiller (n): Analgesico
• Technician (n)
• Transplant (n/v)

Science Lab

Words

• Beaker (n): Vaso
• Calculator (n)
• Chemist (n)
• Experiment (n/v)
• Invent (v)
• Laboratory (n)
• Mathematician (n)
• Stuff (n): Cosa
• Test Tube (n)
• Thermometer (n)

Phrasal Verbs

• Carry out: Llevar a cabo
• Come up with: Presentar
• End up: Terminar
• Shut down: Apagar
• Take over: Tomar el control
• Turn out:

Impact of Entrepreneurial Firms in Today's Economy

4.1 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) by Babson College

Provides an annual assessment of the entrepreneurial environment of 42 countries.

Entrepreneurs lead to growth by:

• Entering and expanding existing markets
• Creating entirely new markets by offering innovative products
• Increasing diversity and fostering minority participation in the economy

4.2 The Most Impacting: The Gazelles (High Tech Growth Firm)

A “Gazelle” (high growth companies) is a business establishment with at least 20% sales growth in each year for five years, starting with a base of at least $100,000 in annual sales.

• Gazelles as leaders in innovation
• Produce twice as many product innovations per employee as do larger firms
• Have

Foreign Exchange Market

The foreign exchange market is a global decentralized market for trading currencies. Like any other market, it operates on the principles of demand, supply, and price.

Nominal Exchange Rate

The exchange rate represents the price of one currency in terms of another. There are two types:

• Direct exchange rate: The cost of one unit of foreign currency is given in units of local currency (e.g., 1 USD = 0.94 EUR).
• Indirect exchange rate: The cost of one unit of local currency is given in units of foreign currency (e.g., 1 EUR = 1.06 USD).

Changes in exchange rates influence relative prices. Currency appreciation occurs when the local currency strengthens, allowing you to buy more foreign currency. This increases the relative price... Continue reading "Understanding Foreign Exchange Markets and Exchange Rates" »