René Descartes: Methodological Doubt and Rationalism
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René Descartes: Theory of Knowledge
Descartes' philosophy begins with the search for a method to distinguish truth from falsehood. He emphasizes the necessity of a rigorous approach to knowledge, arguing that reason is infallible if utilized correctly. To achieve this, Descartes defines truth as certainty, which possesses two essential characteristics: clarity and distinction. For something to be certain, it must be clearly presented to the mind and well-delimited. He utilizes intuition to grasp truths without error and deduction to derive further truths from those initial foundations.
Types of Doubt
To distinguish truth from falsehood, Descartes proposes the systematic use of doubt:
- Universal: Doubting everything, including all philosophical