Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Teaching & Education for Secondary education

Communication is the exchange of information (ideas, desires..) between two or more people for different reasons and by different means.

Elements communication process: sender, receiver, message, channel, code and context. ^{Additional elem: affective component, age, interlanguage. Proposed pattern for any lesson: warm-up, presentation, practice, production. Listening: Pre-listening, during-, post.}

^{3 strategies to speaking: questions and answers, instructions and directions, interviews.}

^{Theater is important: Concentration is so difficult for kids. They need to make associations through their senses / Theater normally reflects pupils interests and world.}

Stories are important: Enjoyment and fun. Pupils need to be motivated to learn. / Real context.... Continue reading "Effective Communication Strategies for English Language Teaching" »

1. Cognitive principles.

They relate mental and intellectual functions.

1. Automaticity

Efficient second language learning involves a timely movement of the control of a few language forms into the automatic processing of a unlimited number of language forms.

2. Meaningful learning

Meaningful learning will lead toward better long-term retention than rote learning.

3. Anticipation reward

Human beings are universally driven to act by the anticipation of some sort of rewards — tangible or intangible, short term or long term — as a result of the behaviour.

4. Intrinsic motivation

The most powerful rewards are those that are intrinsically motivated within the learner.

5. Strategic investment

Successful mastery of the second language will be due to a learner’s own personal

Listening Comprehension Answer Key

General Topics

• Are insects the future of food? 1.C, 2.A, 3.D, 4.B, 5.B, 6.B, 7.A, 8.A
• Does handwriting have a future? 1.D, 2.C, 3.C, 4.B, 5.D, 6.C, 7.B, 8.D
• Salvador Dalí's cookbook: 1.D, 2.C, 3.A, 4.C, 5.A, 6.D, 7.B, 8.C
• Interview with a scriptwriter: 1.B, 2.B, 3.B, 4.C, 5.C, 6.A, 7.D, 8.C
• Food in space: 1.B, 2.D, 3.C, 4.A, 5.C, 6.C, 7.D, 8.B
• Building for a better world: 1.A, 2.A, 3.C, 4.C, 5.B, 6.D, 7.A, 8.C
• An interview with a champion: 1.B, 2.B, 3.B, 4.C, 5.C, 6.D, 7.A, 8.C
• Telepathy: 1.C, 2.D, 3.B, 4.D, 5.C, 6.D, 7.C, 8.A
• Hearing dogs: 1.A, 2.B, 3.D, 4.C, 5.B, 6.B, 7.C, 8.D
• Do schools destroy creativity? 1.D, 2.C, 3.B, 4.D, 5.D, 6.D, 7.A, 8.A
• Are we alone in the universe? 1.C, 2.D, 3.A, 4.C, 5.A, 6.A, 7.D, 8.A
• The

Essential Study Skills

Skills Highlighted by Dr. Wagner

• Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

• Collaboration and Influential Leadership

• Information Access and Analysis

• Effective Oral and Written Communication

• Agility and Adaptability

• Imagination and Curiosity

• Initiative and Entrepreneurialism

Understanding Arguments

Key Concepts

• Assumption:

  An unstated reason crucial to the conclusion's validity.

• Inconsistency:

  A contradiction within the reasoning.

Expertise and Sources

• Expertise:

  Experience, skills, and qualifications in a specific field.

• Primary Source:

  Original, unaltered source from the time of an event.

• Secondary Source:

  Uses or adapts information from primary sources.

Annotated Bibliography Criteria

• Citation
• Introduction and Source Type
• Aims and Research

Food and Meals Vocabulary

Food Categories

• Dairy products: butter, cream, semi-skimmed milk
• Fruit: avocado, cherry, peach, plum
• Meat, fish, and seafood: cod, lamb, prawn, tuna, turkey
• Sweets and bakery products: muffin, pancake, pie
• Vegetables: sweetcorn, olive, carrot, lettuce, pea
• Others: oil, rice

Meals

• canteen
• dessert
• dish
• fast food
• main course
• packed lunch
• school meal
• starter
• vending machine
• snack

Describing Food

• baked
• boiled
• fattening
• fresh
• fried
• juicy
• salty
• spicy
• stale (rancio)
• tasty
• fresh
• processed
• raw
• fried
• frozen
• roast
• rotten (podrido)

Education and Study Vocabulary

Study Subjects

• architecture
• art
• biology
• business studies
• chemistry
• citizenship
• computing
• design and technology
• drama
• engineering
• English
• geography
• history
• law
• literature
• marketing
• maths
• music
• philosophy
• media studies
• medicine
• politics

Accounting in Ancient Civilizations

The earliest civilizations that arose on earth had to find a way to record certain facts with arithmetic projection, which occurred too often and too complex to be retained by the memory.

Mesopotamia

The famous Code of Hammurabi, promulgated about the year 1700 AD, contained criminal law, civilian and commercial standards. It regulated contracts such as loans, sales, leases, fees, deposits, and other forms of civil and commercial matters.

Egypt

If accounting was important among the peoples of Mesopotamia, it was even more necessary in a society as rigidly centralized as pharaonic Egypt.

Greece

The Hellenic temples, as had happened many centuries before in Mesopotamia and Egypt, were the first places in ancient Greece... Continue reading "Accounting History: From Ancient Civilizations to Modern Profession" »

ASL and English: Similarities and Differences

Similarities

• Basic Grammatical Structure: ASL and English share similar structures, such as Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) sentence construction. This helps English speakers understand the core meaning of ASL sentences.
• Tense Usage: Both languages utilize specific markers to discuss past, present, and future actions.
• Verb Forms: Unlike many spoken languages, ASL does not require learning complex new verb conjugations that are entirely foreign to English speakers.
• Facial Expressions and Body Language: Both languages use non-verbal cues to clarify intent, such as using an angry expression to convey frustration. In ASL, these cues are essential as they replace the tone of voice found in spoken English.

Differences

Grammatical

Essential Vocabulary for Crime and Cyber Security

I. Crime and Legal Terminology

This section covers key terms related to criminal acts, perpetrators, and the legal process.

Criminal Acts and Perpetrators

• Arson (n): Incendi provocat (The crime of deliberately setting fire to property).
• Burglar (n): Lladre casa (A person who commits burglary).
• Burglary (n): Illegal entry into a building with intent to commit a crime, especially theft.
• Murder (n): Asesinat (The unlawful killing of another human being).
• Murderer (n)
• Rob (v): To take property illegally from a person or place, often using force or threat.
• Robber (n)
• Robbery (n)
• Shoplifter (n)
• Shoplifting (n)
• Smuggler (n)
• Smuggling (n): Traficar (Moving goods illegally into or out of a country).
• Steal (v): To take

English Vocabulary

Sentiments

• Amusing - divertit
• Upsetting - inquietant
• Embarrassing - incòmode
• Worrying - preocupant
• Inspiring - inspirador
• Frightening - espantós
• Annoying - molesta
• Confusing - confús
• Relaxing - relaxant
• Fascinating - fascinant
• Frustrating - frustrant

Tecnologia

• Browse - navegar
• Charge - carregar
• Download - descarregar
• Message - enviar un missatge
• Plug in - connectar
• Press - prémer
• Scroll - desplaçar-se
• Stream - transmetre
• Swipe - fer lliscar el dit
• Switch off - apagar
• Switch on - encendre
• Tap - tocar
• Unplug - desconnectar
• Update - actualitzar

Grammar Reference

Present Perfect and Past Simple

English Conditional Clauses

A. Conditional Clauses.

1) Zero Conditional: Suggestions and Facts

a) Suggestions: If + Present tense, Imperative = si + Presente de Indicativo, Imperativo.

Examples: If your back hurts, go to the doctor.

b) Facts: (They are not real conditional clauses): If / When / Unless + Present tense, Present tense / modal = si / cuando / a menos que + Presente de Indicativo, Presente de Indicativo.

Examples:

• If / When you get tired while driving, you must stop to rest.
• When you see a massive stampede of animals, a true disaster is coming.
• You can’t get into the underground unless you’ve got a ticket.

2) First Conditional: Possible Future Situations

a) If + Present Simple, Future Simple / can = si + Presente de Indicativo, Futuro... Continue reading "Understanding English Conditional Clauses: Zero, First, Second, and Third" »