Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Teaching & Education

COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING (CLL)

Who Invented It?

Charles A. Curran

How Is It Carried Out?

A group of learners sits in a circle with the teacher standing outside the circle. A student whispers a message in their native language to the teacher. The teacher translates it into the foreign language. The student repeats the message in the foreign language. Students then compose further messages in the foreign language.

What Are the Five Stages in CLL?

1. Birth Stage: A feeling of security and belonging is established.
2. The learner's abilities improve.
3. The learner speaks independently and may need to assert his or her own identity.
4. The learner is seen as secure enough to take criticism.
5. The learner works upon improving style and knowledge.

When Is CLL Used?

It... Continue reading "Overview of Language Teaching Methods" »

Clear L

Before vowels, in word initial, word medial (leave, let, feel, it, will, you, silly, yellow)

Fully Devoiced

Unvoiced plosives in accented syllables PTK + L (play, please, close)

Partially Devoiced

Unvoiced plosives in unaccented syllables (butler, antler, clarinet) unvoiced fricatives + L (fling, flow, half)

Dark L

Final position, after vowel (feel, fill, call) after a vowel, before a consonant (help, cold, milk)

R

Final position link with the following word beginning with a vowel (far, way, for, all)

Fully voiced: followed by a vowel (raet, red)

Fully devoiced: accented unvoiced plosives + R (price, cry, try)

Partially devoiced: fricative or voiced plosive (fry, free)

Linking J

/i:, i, ei, ai, oi/ + vowel (enjoy it, me and you)

Linking W

/u, u:, au,... Continue reading "English Phonetics: Voicing and Articulation" »

Intelligent Technology: ChatGPT and Communication

Intelligent technology like ChatGPT is a valuable tool for improving human communication. Intelligent chatbots can provide precise and efficient responses to questions and requests, improving the user experience and operational efficiency in various sectors, such as customer service, education, and healthcare.

Risks and Challenges of Intelligent Technology

Although intelligent technology presents certain risks and challenges, such as privacy and security of user data and perpetuating data biases, it is important to address these challenges to ensure ethical and responsible use of this technology.

Benefits of Intelligent Technology

Overall, intelligent technology like ChatGPT offers significant potential... Continue reading "ChatGPT: Enhancing Human Communication" »

SIM Card Installation and Removal

Installing a SIM Card

1. Turn off the tablet by pressing the power button for a few seconds, and then tap OK from the Power off menu.
2. Open the SIM card slot cover and locate the SIM card slot. To locate the SIM card slot, see "Tablet layout" on page 1.
3. Hold the SIM card with the metal contacts facing down and pointing toward the tablet, and then insert it firmly into the SIM card slot until you hear a click.
4. Close the SIM card slot cover and restart your tablet.

Removing a SIM Card

1. Turn off the tablet by pressing the power button for a few seconds, and then tap OK from the Power off menu.
2. Locate the SIM card slot and open the SIM card slot cover. To locate the SIM card slot, see "Tablet layout" on page 1.
3. Push the SIM

Perfect Yet/Already

Already se refiere a algo que ha pasado antes o más pronto de lo que se esperaba y es traducido como “ya” en español.

Yet es usado para algo que esperábamos que sucediera, pero todavía no ha pasado. Tendemos a usarlo en frases negativas e interrogativas. En frases negativas puede ser traducido como "aún" o "todavía" y en preguntas como "ya". En contraste con los otros adverbios de esta lección, "yet" va al final de la frase.

- I've already drunk three coffees this morning. Don't write to John, I've already done it.

- I’m really hungry. I haven’t eaten yet. (Tengo mucha hambre. Todavía no he comido.)

Present Perfect Progressive

- The present perfect progressive expresses an action that recently stopped or is still... Continue reading "Perfect Yet/Already, Present Perfect Progressive, Used To, Indirect Question, Causative Have and Get" »

What is Linguistics?

A linguist is usually described as a person who is skilled in some way with a given language, including ancient languages. The term can be used to describe a person who specializes in linguistics, which is the study of language, or it can refer to someone who is well-versed in the translation, interpretation, and application of a language. At the same time, this title may be used for someone who is fluent in multiple languages.

In the academic sense, a linguist is a person who engages in and studies linguistics. This is the scientific study of language—both theoretical and practical. Such a person may be studying or professionally practicing either theoretical or applied linguistics.

Examples of theoretical linguistics include... Continue reading "Linguistics: Understanding Language Structure" »

Subject Pronouns

I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

Object Pronouns

Me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

Possessive Adjectives

My, your, his, her, its, our, your, their

We use "I'd like" to express desires.

We use "How's...?" to inquire about food.

Dialogues

Making a Reservation

A: How can I help you?
B: I'd like to make a reservation, please.
A: Certainly. For how many people?
B: For eight.
A: For eight people. And from what time?
B: Eight o'clock this evening.
A: Eight o'clock. And your name, please?
B: Yes, it's Kate Osbourne. O-S-B-O-U-R-N-E.
A: Thank you very much, Ms. Osbourne. We'll see you at 8:00.
B: Thank you.

Talking About Family

A: Have you got any children, Zayed?
B: Yes, I have.
A: Can you tell me about them?
B: Well, I've got a son. His name is Mohammed.... Continue reading "Spanish Pronouns, Dialogues, and Madrid Travel Costs" »

Scene: A Restaurant

David: Sorry, ladies. Your entrees are here; the main course will be served later so it doesn't cool down.

Claudia: Thank you, very kind.

David: A pleasure.

Miriam: How good is the food! The truth is that it's worth spending a bit more money and eating well.

Claudia: The truth is that, at the moment, I love everything.

David: Ladies, may I clear the entrees and serve the main course?

Miriam: Of course.

Claudia: Here you are.

David: Here are your hamburgers. Could you please cut into the meat to see if it is cooked to your liking?

Claudia: It's perfect.

Miriam: Perfect, thank you very much.

Claudia: My goodness! I'm full. I don't know if I'll be able to manage dessert.

Miriam: I am the same; this eating well is not my thing.

Ordering Dessert

David:

Field

Area of interest or study

Campo, área de estudio

She is an expert in her field

Es una experta en su campo

Specialise

Become an expert

Especializarse

Acquire

Gain

conseguir

Expertise

Knowledge

Experiencia, conocimiento

Lecturer

University teacher

Profesor de universidad

Tutorials

Students studying in small groups with a teacher

clase individual o con un pequeño número de estudiantes

Absences

Not being present

Ausencias

Get through

Pass

Superar

Graduate

Complete a first university degree

Graduarse

Scholarships

money for education provided on the basis of achievement or need

Becas

Tuition

Education

clases

Illiterate

Unable to read and write

Know-how

Skills and knowledge

Habilidades y conocimientos

Social networking sites

Faceboo, Twitter, Instagram

Redes sociales

Digital native

Person... Continue reading "University Vocabulary and Phrases" »