Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teaching & Education

Essential English Vocabulary

Personality Vocabulary (English to Spanish)

• Innocence → Inocencia
• Sensitivity → Sensibilidad
• Shy → Tímido/a
• Self-conscious → Cohibido/a
• Confident → Seguro/a de sí mismo/a
• Frustration → Frustración
• Assertive → Asertivo/a
• Nervous → Nervioso/a
• Defensive → A la defensiva
• Openness → Apertura
• Aggressive → Agresivo/a
• Impatient → Impaciente

Actions and Gestures Vocabulary

• Wave → Saludar con la mano / Agitar la mano
• Catch their eye → Llamar su atención / Cruzar miradas
• Hold hands → Tomarse de la mano / Agarrarse de la mano
• Interrupt → Interrumpir
• Apologize → Disculparse / Pedir perdón
• Answer your mobile phone → Contestar el móvil / teléfono
• Kiss → Besar
• Touch → Tocar
• Shaking hands → Dar la mano

1. Responding to a Customer Complaint

Dear Mr. Thompson,

My name is Elena Ruiz, and I am the Customer Service Supervisor at OfficePlus. I am writing in response to your complaint regarding the delayed delivery of your stationery order (#4592).

First of all, please accept our sincere apologies for this inconvenience. The delay occurred due to an unexpected issue with our shipping supplier. However, we have already dispatched a new order via express delivery. Furthermore, as compensation, we will apply a 15% discount to your next purchase.

If you require any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Yours sincerely,
Elena Ruiz
Customer Service Supervisor
OfficePlus

2. Scheduling a Meeting with a Client

Dear Ms. Carter,

My name is David Moreno,... Continue reading "Professional Business Email Templates for Success" »

General Formal Letter Template

Dear [Title + Surname] (e.g., Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Mr. Smith),

I am writing to you regarding/concerning [briefly state the topic or issue]. I would like to [express your purpose: suggest, complain, request, express concern, etc.].

Firstly, [present your first main point – describe the situation or give background information]. This is important because [give a reason or example].

Secondly, [give another reason, suggestion, or concern]. This could help [explain the benefit or consequence].

Furthermore/In addition/Moreover, I believe that [add a final thought or broader benefit].

I hope you will take my [suggestion/request/concern] into consideration. I would be grateful if you could let me know your thoughts on this... Continue reading "Effective Formal Letter Writing Techniques" »

Food and Meals Vocabulary

Food Categories

• Dairy products: butter, cream, semi-skimmed milk
• Fruit: avocado, cherry, peach, plum
• Meat, fish, and seafood: cod, lamb, prawn, tuna, turkey
• Sweets and bakery products: muffin, pancake, pie
• Vegetables: sweetcorn, olive, carrot, lettuce, pea
• Others: oil, rice

Meals

• canteen
• dessert
• dish
• fast food
• main course
• packed lunch
• school meal
• starter
• vending machine
• snack

Describing Food

• baked
• boiled
• fattening
• fresh
• fried
• juicy
• salty
• spicy
• stale (rancio)
• tasty
• fresh
• processed
• raw
• fried
• frozen
• roast
• rotten (podrido)

Education and Study Vocabulary

Study Subjects

• architecture
• art
• biology
• business studies
• chemistry
• citizenship
• computing
• design and technology
• drama
• engineering
• English
• geography
• history
• law
• literature
• marketing
• maths
• music
• philosophy
• media studies
• medicine
• politics

Essential Business English Terms

Understanding key distinctions in business is crucial:

• Consumer: Uses or consumes the product.
• Customer: Purchases the product.
• Client: Receives a customized service.

General Business Vocabulary

1. Badge: A small item worn to identify a person, usually at events. Insignia o credencial.
2. Business card: A small card with personal or professional contact details. Tarjeta de presentación.
3. Contact: A person you communicate with for professional or business purposes. Contacto profesional.
4. Samples: Small examples of products given to customers for free to encourage purchase. Muestras de producto.
5. Stand: A booth or display space at a trade fair or exhibition. Puesto o expositor en ferias.

Key Verbs and Business Terms

• Allocate: To

English-Spanish Vocabulary and Grammar Reference

Body Parts (English to Spanish)

• Ankle → Tobillo
• Chest → Pecho
• Eyebrow → Ceja
• Eyelash → Pestaña
• Eyelid → Párpado
• Forehead → Frente
• Heel → Talón
• Hip → Cadera
• Kidney → Riñones
• Liver → Hígado
• Lungs → Pulmones
• Muscle → Músculo
• Nail → Uña
• Ribs → Costilla
• Thigh → Cuixa
• Waist → Cintura

Health and Fitness Phrases (English to Spanish)

• Back on your feet (adj) → De nuevo en tus pies
• Black out (phrasal verb) → Desmayarse
• Come down with (phrasal verb) → Enfermar por alguna cosa
• Full of beans (adj) → Mucha energía
• Keep in shape (v) → Mantenerse en forma
• On top of the world (adj) → En la cima del mundo
• On your last legs (adj) → En las últimas
• Out of shape (adj) → No estar en forma
• Pull

English Grammar Reference Table

This table provides a clear comparison of essential English grammatical structures and their Spanish equivalents.

My Personal Linguistic Journey

I have explored four different languages throughout my life, including: Spanish, English, French, and Italian. However, I am not equally proficient in all those languages.

Native Fluency and Literacy

Regarding my linguistic skills, I can claim native fluency and literacy only in Spanish, which is my mother tongue. However, I am not equally proficient in all those languages: I can speak two languages besides Spanish with reasonable fluency and have great degrees of proficiency in another one.

Educational Background and Language Acquisition

I started learning my mother tongue at home. At the age of five, I started elementary school with my first approach to English. After five years, when I was eleven, I went to secondary... Continue reading "My Journey to Multilingualism: Spanish, English, and Beyond" »

Essential English Vocabulary and Phrases

Here's a collection of useful English words and phrases, categorized for easy learning:

Common Verbs and Actions

• Audience: Public
• Eye-opener: Revelation
• Performance: Actuación
• Rehearsal: Ensayo
• Face: Afrontar
• Focus on: Centrarse en
• Give up: Rendirse
• Hold: Celebrar
• Manage: Arreglarse
• Point out: Indicar
• Share: Compartir
• Struggle: Esforzarse
• Survive: Sobrevivir

Descriptive Adjectives

• Alive: Vivo
• Awesome: Increíble
• Daft: Tonto
• Daily: Diario
• Dreadful: Pésimo
• Dull: Aburrido
• First-rate: Excelente
• Live: En vivo
• Offensive: Ofensivo
• Outstanding: Extraordinario
• Overrated: Sobrevalorado
• Smashing: Estupendo

Nouns and Concepts

• Live show: Concierto
• Deadline: Fecha límite
• Effort: Esfuerzo
• Employee: Empleado
• Pastime: Pasatiempo
• Right: Derecho
• Threat:

hearing, sigth(vista),smell,taste,touch. Blinding(cegador),Brigth(brillante),crunchy,dark,deafening,faint(suave),Fragant,hard,rich(abundante),rough(aspero),silent,slimy(empalagoso),smooth(suave),soft(blando),spicy,stinky,sweet. Feel(sentir),gaze(mirada),hear,listen, look,savour, see,smell,sniff,stroke(acariciar),swallow,taste,touch,watch. Additional,adventurous, basic, careful, cautius, countless, medical, noisy, original, painful, practical, slimy,stilnky,traditional, universal, active, agreeable, different, dominant, insistent, pleasant. Come together(reunirse), dress up(disfrazarse), hand out(repartir), international, join in(participar), local, multicultural, pack out(llenar), put on(ponerse),religius,secular, set off(provocar, traditional,... Continue reading "Sensory Experiences, Language, Culture, and Fashion: A Comprehensive Guide" »