Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

Moby Dick as an Impersonal Force

In a sense, Moby Dick is not a character, as the reader has no access to the White Whale’s thoughts, feelings, or intentions. Instead, Moby Dick is an impersonal force, one that many critics have interpreted as an allegorical representation of God, an inscrutable and all-powerful being that humankind can neither understand nor defy. Moby Dick thwarts free will and cannot be defeated, only accommodated or avoided. Ishmael tries a plethora of approaches to describe whales in general, but none proves adequate. Indeed, as Ishmael points out, the majority of a whale is hidden from view at all times. In this way, a whale mirrors its environment. Like the whale, only the surface of the ocean is available for human

Communication and Social Media Vocabulary

• Chat: Chatear
• Comment: Comentar
• Express your feelings: Expresar tus sentimientos
• Face to face: Cara a cara
• Get the message across: Expresar / hacer entender el mensaje
• Get to the point: Ir al grano
• Inform: Avisar / informar
• Interrupt: Interrumpir
• Keep in touch: Mantener el contacto / seguir en contacto
• Latest news: Noticias más recientes / de última hora
• Post: Publicar / colgar
• Share: Compartir
• Social media sites: Sitios de medios sociales
• Talk something over: Hablar sobre algo
• Text messaging: Envío de mensajes de texto
• Upload: Subir / colgar (en internet)
• View: Ver

General Concepts and Word Formation

• Challenge: Desafío
• Complex: Complejo / complicado
• Develop: Desarrollar / desarrollarse
• In this day and age: Hoy en día
• Lighten

English Verb Tenses

Present Simple

• Positive (+): you work / he works
• Negative (-): you don't work / he doesn't work
• Interrogative (?): do you work / does he work

Usage:

• Routines, general facts, schedules, and programs.

Present Continuous

• Positive (+): you are singing / I am singing / he is singing
• Negative (-): you aren't singing / I'm not singing / he isn't singing
• Interrogative (?): are you singing / am I singing / is he singing

Usage:

• Actions happening at the moment of speaking.
• Plans for the near future.
• Actions occurring in a broader present.

Past Simple

• Positive (+): you finished (all forms)
• Negative (-): you didn't finish
• Interrogative (?): did you finish

Usage:

• Finished actions that occurred in the past.
• Descriptions of how things were in the past.

Past

Grammar Transformations

1. The last time I spoke to her was before she had her baby.
2. This is the first time I have eaten Greek food.
3. My nephew has been playing tennis since 2010.
4. It’s ages since he saw her sister.
5. I haven’t gone swimming for three months.
6. This is the biggest supermarket I have ever seen.
7. When I was younger, my parents didn’t let me watch much television.
8. Paula was made to wash up before she could go out.
9. Why aren’t we allowed to go to the party?
10. You don’t need to hand in the homework until next week.
11. I think you had better see a doctor.
12. Do you know what we are supposed to do for homework?

Key Vocabulary and Phrases

Supermarket Vocabulary

1. Out of town
2. Corner
3. Brands
4. Own brand
5. Convenience
6. Range
7. Foodstuffs
8. Value
9. Aisles
10. Trolley
11. Counter
12. Checkout
13. Till
14. Cashier
15. Receipt

Sports

Definiciones Fundamentales de la Archivística

Principio de procedencia: consiste en reunir los documentos por fondos, es decir, en agrupar todos los documentos que procedan de una misma persona, familia o institución. Se trata, en esencia, de respetar el origen de los fondos, manteniéndolos agrupados sin mezclar unos documentos con otros.

Fondo

Fondo: conjunto orgánico de documentos de cualquier tipo y época producidos y recibidos por una persona, familia u organización, pública o privada, en la gestión de sus asuntos, negocios o competencias, y conservado como prueba de estos, por la información que contienen y por su valor para la historia y el conocimiento.

Archivo y Documento de Archivo

Archivo (ICA): institución responsable de la... Continue reading "Principios y Definiciones Clave de la Archivística: Fondos, Documentos y Tratamiento" »

Crimes Against the Person: Common Law Definitions

• Assault: A threat or attempt to commit a battery.
• Battery: The use of force against another resulting in harmful or offensive contact.
• Mayhem: Maliciously depriving another of the use of a limb (disablement) or injuring the victim to permanently change their appearance (disfigurement).
• Rape and Related Offences: Unlawful sexual intercourse with a female without her consent. Modern statutes often designate this as sexual assault. Statutory rape applies if the female is too young to give consent.
• False Imprisonment: The intentional, unlawful confinement of another person. The victim must be compelled by the defendant's use of force or threat to remain or go somewhere against their will.
• Kidnapping:

Modal Verbs: Usage and Meaning

Ability and Permission

• Can: Expresses ability in the present.
• Could: Expresses ability in the past.
• Be able to: Used for other tenses (e.g., future, perfect).
• Be allowed to: Indicates that permission is given.

Possibility and Deduction

• May, Might, Could: Express present or future possibility.
• May not, Might not: Express negative possibility.
• Can't: Used to state something is impossible.
• Must, Can't: Used for logical deductions.

Obligation and Necessity

• Must, Have to: Express obligation.
• Needn't, Don't have to: Express lack of obligation.
• Need: Primarily used in negative and interrogative sentences.
• Need to: Used in affirmative sentences to express a necessity.
• Ought to, Should, Shouldn't: Used for recommendations or advice.

Essential

La Propiedad Industrial

Introducción

El Derecho Mercantil es entendido como Derecho de la Empresa en la actualidad, e incluye materias que antes no eran tenidas en cuenta. Se trata de las instituciones de la Propiedad Industrial —elementos indispensables en la organización de cualquier empresa que deben ser protegidos jurídicamente—, como son:

• Los derechos sobre patentes o marcas.
• Los derechos sobre el diseño industrial u otros signos distintivos.

Estas cuatro instituciones jurídicas surgieron de manera autónoma. Fueron concebidas para la protección de los fabricantes o industriales en su actividad mercantil en época de la revolución industrial (siglo XIX en España) y acabaron englobándose como propiedad industrial, una modalidad... Continue reading "Propiedad Industrial: Patentes, Marcas y Diseños" »

Vocabulario sobre causas sociales y activismo

appeal: gustar
campaign: campaña
charity: caridad
donor: donante
fundraising activity: colecta de fondos
animal charity: caridad animal
beach clean-up: limpieza de playa
birthday card: tarjeta de cumpleaños
cancer research: investigación contra el cáncer
community service: servicio comunitario
computer game: juego de computadora
death penalty: pena de muerte
endangered species: especies en peligro de extinción
high school senior: estudiante de último año de secundaria
homeless people: personas sin hogar
ice cream flavour: sabor de helado
inner-city school: escuela de barrios pobres
social change: cambios sociales
social issue: problema social
social media: redes sociales
sponsored walk: caminata patrocinada
sports