Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

Mastering English: Phrasal Verbs, Jobs & Career Vocabulary

Common Phrasal Verbs and Their Meanings

• carry out (a study) (realizar un estudio)
• deal with (tratar con algo)
• embark on (embarcarse)
• get away with (salirse con la suya)
• get out of (escapar)
• hang on (esperar)
• lay off (despedir)
• look down on (mirar por encima del hombro)
• make up (constituir)
• pick up new skills (adquirir nuevas competencias)
• step down from a job (dimitir)
• take off (prosperar)
• try out (probar)
• work things out (que las cosas funcionen)
• cut out (recortar)
• draw up a list (elaborar una lista)
• fall out (discutir / pelearse)
• get on (progresar)
• give in (ceder)
• kick out (echar)
• lead on (engañar / dar falsas esperanzas)
• look up to (respetar)
• make up for (compensar)
• put off (aplazar)
• take in (adoptar)

Vocabulary

Crimes

Burglary: The crime of illegally entering a building, usually a house, with the intent to commit a crime, typically theft.

Robbery: The crime of stealing money or property from a place or person using force or threats.

Theft: The crime of stealing.

Murder: The unlawful and deliberate killing of another person.

Vandalism: The deliberate destruction or damage of property, especially public property.

Kidnapping: The unlawful act of capturing and holding someone by force, typically to demand a ransom.

Mugging: The crime of attacking someone violently in a public place to steal their money or belongings.

Shoplifting: The act of stealing goods from a shop while pretending to be a customer.

Blackmail: The action of demanding money or favors... Continue reading "Vocabulary of Crimes" »

English–Spanish Vocabulary and Useful Phrases

Phrases and Translations

• Chat: conversación.
• Complex: complejo.
• Develop: desarrollar.
• Express your feelings.
• Get the message across: transmitir tu mensaje.
• Get to the point.
• Interrupt.
• Keep in touch: mantener el contacto.
• Latest news: últimas noticias.
• Lighten up: animar, suavizar.
• Manage: manejar.
• Notice: advertir, aviso.
• Post: publicar.
• Properly: adecuado.
• Social media.
• Spread: esparcir.
• Talk something over: hablar de algo.
• Text messaging.
• Upload: subir.
• View: ver.
• Worldwide: por todo el mundo.
• Abroad: en el extranjero.
• An only child: hijo único.
• Fluent: fluido.
• Hang out: dar una vuelta.
• Last a lifetime: toda una vida.
• Nightlife: vida nocturna.
• Run a business: dirigir un negocio.
• Challenging: desafiante.
• Amusing: entretenida.

Vocabulary: Describing Personality

Ambitious: ambitious

Arrogant: arrogant

Bossy: bossy

Capable: capable

Clever/Intelligent/Smart: intelligent

Coldhearted: coldhearted

Creative: creative

Cruel/Mean: cruel/mean

Dishonest: dishonest

Easy-Going: easy-going

Funny: funny

Generous: generous

Greedy: greedy

Hard-Working: hard-working

Honest: honest

Ignorant: ignorant

Impatient: impatient

Kind: kind

Lazy: lazy

Moody: moody

Narrow-Minded: narrow-minded

Outgoing: outgoing

Picky: picky

Polite: polite

Punctual: punctual

Reliable: reliable

Romantic: romantic

Rude: rude

Selfish: selfish

Shallow: shallow

Shy: shy

Sociable: sociable

Stingy: stingy

Strict: strict

Stubborn: stubborn

Talkative: talkative

Thoughtful: thoughtful

Unreliable: unreliable

Warm-Hearted: warm-hearted

Well-Educated/Well-Read:... Continue reading "English Vocabulary and Grammar Cheat Sheet" »

Ignorancia de las normas: El efecto básico y esencial que crea la norma es el deber de cumplimiento por todos los afectados, pero no solo se dirige a los directamente afectados, sino también especialmente a los funcionarios y, en general, a todo ciudadano que tiene el deber general de colaborar para hacer efectivo el ordenamiento jurídico.

Ignorancia de las Leyes y Deber de Cumplimiento

El artículo 6.1 dice que “la ignorancia de las leyes no excusa de su cumplimiento”. Además, no castiga la ignorancia, sino que simplemente señala que no deja de aplicarse aunque no se conozca. No obstante, sí tienen un especial deber de conocer las normas los funcionarios públicos, sobre todo jueces y tribunales, hasta el punto de que el desconocimiento... Continue reading "Eficacia de las Normas Jurídicas y el Fraude de Ley" »

Phrases to Begin

• Para empezar (To begin with)
• En primer lugar (In the first place)
• Como punto de partida (As a point of departure)
• La idea principal de (The main idea of...)
• El propósito principal de (The main purpose of; the goal of)

Phrases to Connect Ideas/Arguments

• Para continuar (To continue)
• Por un lado (On the one hand)
• Por el otro lado; por otra parte; en cambio (On the other hand)
• Mientras tanto (Meanwhile)
• Durante (During)
• Además (In addition; also, moreover)
• También (Also; too)
• Entonces (Then)
• Luego (Then)
• Después de + infinitive (After)
• Mientras (While)
• Y (And)
• Pero (But)
• Sino (But; rather)
• Sino que (But; rather)
• Sin embargo (Nevertheless)
• Aunque (Even though; even if; although)
• A pesar de + infinitive (In spite of)
• En realidad (In fact, in reality,

English Verb Tenses: Perfect and Continuous Forms

Present Perfect Simple: He Terminado

Keywords: how long, for, since, yet, never, ever, already

• Affirmative: S + have/has + verb (-ed or 3rd column)
• Negative: S + haven't/hasn't + verb (-ed or 3rd column)

Past Perfect Simple: Había Terminado

Keywords: after, before, when, by the time

Nota: Para diferenciarlo del Past Simple, el Past Simple es más cercano al presente y aparece como verbo principal.

• Affirmative: S + had + verb (-ed or 3rd column)
• Negative: S + hadn't + verb (-ed or 3rd column)

Future Perfect Simple: Habré Terminado

Keywords: Siempre que aparece "by"

• Affirmative: S + will + have + verb (-ed or 3rd column)
• Negative: S + won't + have + verb (-ed or 3rd column)

Present Perfect Continuous: He

Writing:

Frases buenas: In spite of, due to, in order to, as well as, for instance, to be honest, perhaps we should also point out the fact that..,

Articles:

Siempre un titulo, Has been my best friend from that day when… Acabar con una pequeña broma si se puede. Introduccion presentando el tema y sobre que va a tartar el articulo, Segundo parrafo de porque me gusta (One of the cool thing about). Tercer párrafo (however) recomendación y porque, párrafo de cierre (in conclusión), una especie de resumen y preguntar al lector.

Reports:

si te pone you should mention (ese el nombre del titutlo). Tiene que tener titutlo, dividido en secciones, por ejemplo Introduccion-Free time activities (As a result, on the other hand)- Other facilities- Reccomendations... Continue reading "Effective Writing Tips and Techniques" »

Theme 8: Communication and Social Interaction Vocabulary

Verbs and Phrases for Communication (English - Spanish)

Agree

Estar de acuerdo

Argue

Discutir

Answer the phone

Contestar

Ask

Pedir

Apologize

Pedir disculpas

Chat

Hablar con alguien

Fall out with (sb)

Enfadarse con alguien

Leave a message

Dejar un mensaje

Make a call

Hacer una llamada

Post a message

Enviar un mensaje

Warn

Advertir

Assist

Ayudar

Bad-mouth somebody

Difamar

Enquire about sth

Entrevistar

Fancy doing smth

Que te apetece hacer algo

Reckon

Pensar (de manera formal)

Require

Preguntar

Ad (Advertise)

Anunciar

Enquiry

Encuesta

Paper

Periódico

Adjectives Describing People

Big-mouthed

Hablador

Ill-mannered

Maleducado

Advanced Communication Phrases

Go on about sth

Talk about something for a long time

Shut up

Callarte o cerrar

Get in

Idioms

Get away from it all

somewhere peaceful

Off the beaten track

go where other tourists don't

Up close and personal

experiencing something from very near

In the blink of an eye

very quickly

A drop in the ocean

a small amount compared to what is needed

Goes through the roof

rises to a very high level

Go up in smoke

spoiled or wasted (destroyed by fire)

The tide is turning

reversing events

As right as rain

fresco como una rosa

Feeling under the weather

no sentirse bien físicamente

Sleep like a log

dormir como un tronco

Feeling down in the dumps

estar de bajón

As fit as a fiddle

estar como un roble

Out of the blue

suddenly, unexpected

Have blood on their hands

responsible for someone's death

Bitter pill to swallow

an unpleasant fact that has to be accepted

Handed to me