Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

English Connectors

Addition Connectors

• Also, in addition, and furthermore: Used after a period and followed by a comma.
• Moreover (además)
• Besides (además)
• As well as (además de)

Contrast Connectors

• On the one hand / on the other hand
• But
• Although
• While
• In spite of (no obstante)
• However (aunque)
• Even though (a pesar de)
• Despite (a pesar de)
• Nevertheless (sin embargo): These are always used after a period and followed by a comma.

Reported Speech

Verb Form Changes

• Present Simple → Past Simple: lives → lived
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous: is living → was living
• Past Simple → Past Perfect Simple: lived → had lived
• Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous: was living → had been living
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect Simple: has lived → had

Essential English Vocabulary

This document provides a list of useful English words and phrases, along with their Spanish translations and corrected spellings.

• A high level: Nivel alto
• Absorbed: Absorbido
• Add to: Añadir a
• Advance: Avance / Adelantar
• Advancement: Avance
• Alive: Vivo
• Apparently: Aparentemente
• Appealing: Atractivo
• Attract: Atraer
• Attraction: Atracción
• Attractive: Atractivo
• Boost: Impulsar
• Broadcast: Retransmitir
• Catch a glimpse: Ver algo por un segundo
• Catch on: Hacerse popular
• Childproof: A prueba de niños
• Come down on: Criticar
• Come into: Heredar
• Come off: Salir / Resultar
• Come out: Salir a la venta / Salir fuera
• Come round: Pasar por / Volver
• Crowd: Multitud
• Dim: Poca luz
• Draw a crowd: Atraer una multitud
• Either way: De cualquier manera
• Ensure: Asegurar
• Enthusiasm:

English Vocabulary for Daily Life and Academic Topics

Vocabulary for Residence Halls and Shared Living

• Residence halls: residencia universitaria, colegio mayor
• To move into a house: mudarse a una casa
• To share a house: compartir piso
• To get along (with sb) very well: To get on (with sb) very well / llevarse muy bien (con alguien)
• To take on: To assume, to accept / asumir
• To sort out: To classify, to organize / poner en orden, clasificar, separar, organizar
• Paperwork: papeles, burocracia
• Yet: (Formal) However / no obstante
• To rise up: To move upwards / subir, ascender
• Ankle: tobillo
• Plughole: desagüe
• Clogged: Blocked / obstruido, atascado
• To have a row (with sb): To have an argument (with sb) / discutir (con alguien)
• Barely: Hardly, rarely / apenas
• Annoying:

Essential English-Spanish Phrases

Here are some useful English and Spanish phrases for everyday conversations:

• Hi, what's up? / Hola, ¿qué está pasando?
• I am at your service anytime. / Estoy a su servicio cuando guste.
• May I help you? / ¿Puedo ayudarlo?
• What can I do for you? / ¿Qué puedo hacer por usted?
• Certainly. / Seguro.
• Thank you very much. / Muchas gracias.
• You are welcome. / De nada.
• Hi there! / ¡Hola amigos!
• What's your name? / ¿Cómo te llamas?
• How old are you? / ¿Cuántos años tienes?
• Where were you born? / ¿Dónde naciste?
• What's your citizenship? / ¿Cuál es tu ciudadanía?
• Where are you going? / ¿Adónde vas?
• I am going home/shopping. / Voy a casa/de compras.
• Have a nice day! / ¡Que tengas buen día!
• Likewise. / Igualmente.
• I intend

Marina's Dilemma: A Friendship Question

Hi Andreu! We’ve been on holiday here in England for a month. I have met this guy, Martin. He’s gorgeous, but last week I saw Martin with another girl. He says that she is his best friend, but I don’t know. I’m not sure how I feel about him. I need your advice! I met him at the cinema when we were watching a horror film. I’m very happy because when he isn’t with her friends, he’s flirting with me. I’ve been thinking about things a lot since then. What do you reckon? Help me, please! A kiss, Marina!

Essential English Vocabulary for Relationships

• split up with: separarse
• flirted with: flirtear con
• had an argument with: discutir con
• finish with: romper con
• met: conocer
• going out with: salir con
• getting

Passive Voice and Prepositions

Passive Voice

Tense Comparison

Have Something Done

• Liz and Meg are having their hair dyed.
  Liz y Meg se están haciendo teñir el pelo.
• Mr. Singer always has his suits made at the tailor's shop.
  El señor

Additives and Junk Food

Additives in junk food can have a detrimental effect on both physical and mental well-being. These comida basura often lack essential nutrients, leading to deficits and imbalances that can manifest as various symptoms, including:

• Restlessness (inquietud)
• Mood swings
• Sweaty and panicky episodes

Over-reliance on junk food can contribute to a worsening (decline) in overall health and increase the risk of chronic diseases.

Side Effects and Long-Term Consequences

The harmful (dañino) effects of a poor diet extend beyond immediate discomfort. Over-prescription (exceso de prescripción) of medications and over-reliance (sobre confianza) on quick fixes can mask underlying nutritional deficiencies. This can create a vicious cycle... Continue reading "The Impact of Diet on Behavior and Health" »

Present Simple

Do/Does-Preguntas vbos normales, ej. I usually get up at 7.00 o’clock, I love fish.->Always, usually, generally, regularly, occasionally, frequently, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never. In the morning/afternoon... at 6.30, on Mondays, every week, once a week, how often..?

Present Continuous

Are/Is/Am+ing ej. I am listening to music, This month he is living in Madrid.~>-Now, right now, at the moment, This year, at present, today, these days, this month, This evening, tonight, tomorrow, next. Friday/week/month.

Past Simple

Acciones completadas en el pasado ej. Mary bought a new car last week, We had dinner and watched a film.->-Yesterday, last week/year/month, three days ago, in 1989, in the 1970s, in the 19th century,... Continue reading "English Verb Tenses and Vocabulary" »

Mastering the Verb "To Be"

Present Tense: "To Be"

• Affirmative: he/she/it is, you/we/they are
• Negative: he isn't, I'm not, you aren't
• Interrogative: Is he...?, Are you...?

Past Tense: "To Be"

• he was
• we were

Understanding "Have Got"

Present Tense: "Have Got"

• Affirmative: he has, you have
• Negative: he hasn't got, we haven't got
• Interrogative: Has he got...?, Have you got...?

Comparatives and Superlatives

Comparative Adjectives

• For adjectives with one or two syllables, add -er than.
  • Example: Óscar is stronger than Pepe.
• For adjectives with three or more syllables, use more than.
  • Example: The flower is more beautiful than the plant.

Superlative Adjectives

• For adjectives with one or two syllables, use the -est.
  • Example: the biggest building
• For adjectives with three

1. Phone Call Vocabulary

Common Phrases

• Answer: responder
• Be careful: tener cuidado
• Break up: romper
• Caller: persona que llama
• Extension: extensión
• Get cut off: cortarse la llamada
• Hang up: colgar el teléfono
• Make a mistake: cometer un error
• Professional: profesional
• Put...on hold: poner en espera
• Put...through: pasar la llamada
• Repeat: repetir
• Ring: sonar
• Wrong number: número erróneo

2. Describing People

Personality Traits

• Angry: enfadado
• Friendly: amigable
• Funny: divertido
• Polite: educado
• Rude: maleducado
• Serious: serio

3. More Phone Call Phrases

Common Expressions

• Go out of the office: salir de la oficina
• Out of town: fuera de la ciudad
• Interference: interferencia
• Interrupt: interrumpir
• Leave a message: dejar un mensaje
• Leave a voicemail: dejar un mensaje de voz
• Line