Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

Executive Summary

Thank you for considering [Your Company] as your social media marketing partner. We are excited about the opportunity to enhance your online presence and achieve your marketing goals.

This proposal outlines our comprehensive social media marketing strategy tailored to your company's specific needs. It also includes project pricing details.

Current Situation

Our research indicates that [Company Name] can significantly improve its social media presence by implementing the following strategies:

• Consistent promotional campaigns
• Effective photo marketing and infographics
• Data-driven analytics to measure success

Proposed Solution

Our social media marketing strategy for [Company Name] will leverage current industry best practices, including:... Continue reading "Social Media Marketing Proposal for [Company Name]" »

Essential English Irregular Verbs and Spanish Meanings

This table provides the infinitive, past simple, and past participle forms for common irregular verbs, along with their Spanish translations. The infinitive form is shown in bold.

Moby Dick as an Impersonal Force

In a sense, Moby Dick is not a character, as the reader has no access to the White Whale’s thoughts, feelings, or intentions. Instead, Moby Dick is an impersonal force, one that many critics have interpreted as an allegorical representation of God, an inscrutable and all-powerful being that humankind can neither understand nor defy. Moby Dick thwarts free will and cannot be defeated, only accommodated or avoided. Ishmael tries a plethora of approaches to describe whales in general, but none proves adequate. Indeed, as Ishmael points out, the majority of a whale is hidden from view at all times. In this way, a whale mirrors its environment. Like the whale, only the surface of the ocean is available for human

English Verb Tenses

Present Simple

• Positive (+): you work / he works
• Negative (-): you don't work / he doesn't work
• Interrogative (?): do you work / does he work

Usage:

• Routines, general facts, schedules, and programs.

Present Continuous

• Positive (+): you are singing / I am singing / he is singing
• Negative (-): you aren't singing / I'm not singing / he isn't singing
• Interrogative (?): are you singing / am I singing / is he singing

Usage:

• Actions happening at the moment of speaking.
• Plans for the near future.
• Actions occurring in a broader present.

Past Simple

• Positive (+): you finished (all forms)
• Negative (-): you didn't finish
• Interrogative (?): did you finish

Usage:

• Finished actions that occurred in the past.
• Descriptions of how things were in the past.

Past

Grammar Transformations

1. The last time I spoke to her was before she had her baby.
2. This is the first time I have eaten Greek food.
3. My nephew has been playing tennis since 2010.
4. It’s ages since he saw her sister.
5. I haven’t gone swimming for three months.
6. This is the biggest supermarket I have ever seen.
7. When I was younger, my parents didn’t let me watch much television.
8. Paula was made to wash up before she could go out.
9. Why aren’t we allowed to go to the party?
10. You don’t need to hand in the homework until next week.
11. I think you had better see a doctor.
12. Do you know what we are supposed to do for homework?

Key Vocabulary and Phrases

Supermarket Vocabulary

1. Out of town
2. Corner
3. Brands
4. Own brand
5. Convenience
6. Range
7. Foodstuffs
8. Value
9. Aisles
10. Trolley
11. Counter
12. Checkout
13. Till
14. Cashier
15. Receipt

Sports

Modal Verbs: Usage and Meaning

Ability and Permission

• Can: Expresses ability in the present.
• Could: Expresses ability in the past.
• Be able to: Used for other tenses (e.g., future, perfect).
• Be allowed to: Indicates that permission is given.

Possibility and Deduction

• May, Might, Could: Express present or future possibility.
• May not, Might not: Express negative possibility.
• Can't: Used to state something is impossible.
• Must, Can't: Used for logical deductions.

Obligation and Necessity

• Must, Have to: Express obligation.
• Needn't, Don't have to: Express lack of obligation.
• Need: Primarily used in negative and interrogative sentences.
• Need to: Used in affirmative sentences to express a necessity.
• Ought to, Should, Shouldn't: Used for recommendations or advice.

Essential

Essential English Vocabulary

Remember: Always state the minutes and then the hour.

Example: It's twenty-five to five.

Modal Verbs

• Possibility
  • Can/Can't (to be able to/to know how to)
  • Could/Couldn't (was able to/could for formal requests)
• Advice
  • Should/Shouldn't (ought to)
  • Ought to (should)
• Obligation or Prohibition
  • Have to/Don't or Doesn't have to (must)
  • Must/Mustn't (to have

To wonder -> To ask yourself questions about

To get hold of -> To obtain something

To turn out -> To become or result in; to appear, to end up being

To do/go cold turkey -> The unpleasant symptoms caused by suddenly ceasing to take a drug to which one is addicted: stopping the drug may result in cold turkey.

To be dealt a bad hand -> To be very unlucky

To cope with a situation -> To manage a situation

To binge on something -> A period of excessive indulgence in an activity, especially drinking alcohol or eating:

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To feel entitled to something -> When you feel you deserve something...just because

Self esteem -> Confidence in yourself

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Peer pressure -> A feeling that... Continue reading "Common Idioms and Expressions with Definitions" »

Puerto Rico: Island Highlights

(Exercise Note: b a d a)

• Old San Juan: A historic district located at the "northwest triangle" of the islet of San Juan.
• El Yunque National Forest: A tropical rainforest in northeastern Puerto Rico.
• Coquí: The common name for several species of small frogs native to Puerto Rico.

Spanish Food and Meals

(Exercise Note: b d c a)

Common Meal Combinations

• Comen cereales con leche y huevo con pan. (They eat cereal with milk and eggs with bread.)
• Comen sándwiches de jamón y queso con fruta. (They eat ham and cheese sandwiches with fruit.)
• Comen pizza y hamburguesas. (They eat pizza and hamburgers.)

Essential Spanish Vocabulary

Question Words

• ¿Dónde? (Where?)
• ¿Qué? (What?)
• ¿Cómo? (How?)
• ¿Por qué? (Why?)

Common Verbs

• Beber (to

Career Vocabulary

• apply for a job -> aplicar a un trabajo / solicitar un trabajo
• claim benefits -> reclamar beneficios
• do a course -> hacer un curso
• do a degree -> obtener un título universitario
• do an assignment -> hacer una tarea / hacer un encargo
• do business -> hacer negocios
• do your homework -> hacer los deberes
• drop out (of university) -> abandonar la universidad
• get a job -> conseguir un trabajo
• get fired -> ser despedido
• get good/bad grades -> obtener buenas/malas calificaciones
• get paid -> recibir el pago / ser pagado
• get promoted -> ser ascendido
• graduate from university -> graduarse de la universidad
• leave school -> dejar la escuela
• pass an exam -> pasar un examen
• pass with flying colours -> aprobar