Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

Social Issues and Urban Life Vocabulary

• Treat: Tratar
• Low-income: Bajos ingresos
• Sense of belonging: Sentido de pertenencia
• Slum: Barrio bajo / Tugurio
• Feel left out: Sentirse excluido
• Juvenile delinquency: Delincuencia juvenil
• Reach a compromise: Llegar a un compromiso
• Homeless: Vagabundo / Sin techo
• Get along with: Llevarse bien con
• Gangs: Bandas criminales
• See eye to eye: Estar de acuerdo / Ver las cosas de la misma manera
• Residential area: Zona residencial
• Pull my weight: Hacer mi parte / Colaborar
• Crime rate: Tasa de criminalidad
• Take advantage of: Aprovecharse de
• Suburbs: Las afueras
• Share: Cuota / Parte
• Commute: Ir al trabajo
• Lend: Prestar
• Traffic jams: Atascos
• Considerate: Considerado
• Green spaces: Espacios verdes
• In charge of: A cargo de
• Litter: Basura
• Graffiti:

Tema 2 y 3

Translate

Simple Present vs. Present Continuous:

• Corto (He cuts) - Ahora corta (Now she's cutting)
• Cortaba (He was cutting) - Ha estado cortando (He has been cutting)

Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Continuous:

• Ha cortado (He has cut) - Está acostumbrado a cortar (He is used to cutting)
• Suele cortar (He usually cuts) - Se acostumbrará a cortar (He'll get used to cutting)

Past Simple vs. Used to:

• Solía cortar (He used to cut) - Ahora dispara (Now she is shooting)
• Disparó (He shot) - Disparaba (He was shooting) - No solía disparar (He didn't use to shoot)

False Friends/Cognates

• Assist/ayudar = To help (not evacuate)
• Realize/ver, darse cuenta = To understand or become aware of (not panic)
• Advise/consejo = To give advice (not receive)

Rewrite

1. We

Unit 1: Vocabulary

Technology: Instruction Verbs

• browse: echar un vistazo
• charge: cargar
• plug in: enchufar
• press: presionar
• scroll: desplazar
• stream: transmitir
• swipe: deslizar
• switch on: encender
• tap: tocar
• text: texto / enviar un mensaje
• update: actualizar

Technology Adjectives

• automatic: automático
• convenient: conveniente
• efficient: eficiente
• heavy: pesado
• high quality: alta calidad
• impractical: poco práctico
• inconvenient: inconveniente
• inefficient: ineficiente
• light: ligero
• low quality: baja calidad
• manual: manual
• practical: práctico
• reliable: de confianza
• unreliable: no fiable
• useful: útil
• useless: inútil

Sports Verbs and Nouns

• archery: tiro con arco
• athletics: atletismo
• catch up: alcanzar
• kayaking: kayak / piragüismo
• miss out: perderse
• pick up: recoger
• rock climbing:

Trouble | Problema

Get/Be Held Up | Ser Detenido

Day Return | Día de Regreso

Valid | Válido

Due | Debido/ Debería

Get In | Entra

Cancel | Cancelar

Warning | Advertencia

Connecting Flight | Vuelo de Conexión

Meant to Do | Destinado a

Pick Up | Recoger

Turn Up | Aparecer

Trip | Viaje

Overnight | Durante la Noche

Hire a Car | Alquilar un Coche

Stop Off | Parada

Via | Vía

Nightmare | Pesadilla

Get/Be Stuck | Atascarse

Traffic Jam | Atasco

End Up | Terminar

The Outskirts | Las Afueras

Heavy Traffic | Mucho Tráfico

The Rush Hour | Hora Punta

Serious Accident | Accidente Grave

Occur | Ocurrir

Van | Camioneta

Skid | Patinar

Collide With | Chocar con

Vehicle | Vehículo

Block a Road | Bloquear una Carretera

Lane | Carril

Emergency Services | Servicios de Emergencia

Avoid | Evitar

Ambulance

It is true that in the future we will have contamination in our water. But, on the other hand, we will be able to filter the water, so it is not all bad.

We can agree that in the future, we will not have clean air because humans pollute the air.

It is very important to keep in mind that the Earth will change a lot. For example, instead of having glaciers, we will have more water in the ocean, and therefore, many animals and plants will die.

In my opinion, children will learn from our mistakes.

In fact, children will have many things because there will be less pollution.

In the future, children will not only be unable to play outside, but they will also not use paper in schools because there will be no forests.

In other words, in the future, our world... Continue reading "Future Environmental Challenges and Children" »

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar

Adjectives for Describing People

Hair

• Short
• Curly
• Long
• Dark
• Fair
• Brown

Body

• Slim
• Short
• Fat
• Tall

Eyes

• Blue
• Brown
• Dark

Everyday Activities and Verbs

• Do exercise: hacer ejercicio
• Get up: levantarse
• Go out: salir
• Have a shower: ducharse
• Make breakfast/lunch/dinner: desayunar/comer/cenar
• Sleep: dormir
• Go to bed: acostarse
• Tidy up: ordenar
• Wash the dishes: fregar los platos
• Wash your hair: lavarse el pelo
• Cook: cocinar
• Do homework: hacer los deberes
• Do the ironing: planchar
• Make the bed: hacer la cama
• Play computer games: jugar
• Read a magazine: leer una revista
• Take the rubbish out: sacar la basura
• Watch TV: ver la tele

Common Television Programs

• Advert: anuncio
• Cartoon: dibujos
• Comedy programme
• Film
• Game show
• Reality show
• Soap opera: telenovela
• Sports

Relative Pronouns

1. WHO (que, quien, quienes)

Used to refer to people.

Example: The boy, who you met yesterday, is my brother.

2. WHICH (que, el que, la que...)

Used to refer to animals, things, or objects.

Example: The car, which you bought yesterday, is really nice.

3. THAT (que, el que, la que...)

Used to refer to people, animals, and things. There is a rule in English that says that "that" cannot be used after a comma. Therefore, we cannot use this relative in non-defining sentences, which are those sentences in which the relative clause goes between commas.

4. WHAT (lo que)

We use "what" with this meaning when it is a relative pronoun, and not an interrogative one.

Example: What you say is false! ///// I don't understand what you say.

5. WHERE (donde)

1. THAT'S RIGHT: TIENES RAZÓN
2. SHE'S GOING TO BE: ELLA VA A CUMPLIR
3. YOU MEAN: QUIERES DECIR, TE REFIERES
4. LET'S SEND THEM FLOWERS: ENVIÉMOSLE FLORES
5. SAME: MISMO/A
6. TO BUY SOMETHING SPECIAL: COMPRAR ALGO ESPECIAL
7. TO GET A PRESENT: CONSEGUIR UN REGALO
8. TO HAVE A PARTY: TENER UNA FIESTA
9. ANYTHING SPECIAL: ALGO ESPECIAL
10. ALL OUR FRIENDS: TODOS NUESTROS AMIGOS
11. TO DO MUCH: HACER MUCHO
12. I'M GOING TO: VOY A
13. LET'S SEND: ENVIEMOS
14. TO BAKE: HORNEAR
15. HOW OLD: QUÉ EDAD
16. TO GIVE: DAR, ENTREGAR
17. SOMETHING NICE: ALGO AGRADABLE
18. NEXT BIRTHDAY: EL PRÓXIMO CUMPLEAÑOS
19. HOW MANY CARDS: CUÁNTAS TARJETAS
20. ARE YOU GOING TO...?: ¿VAS A...?
21. TO SPEND: GASTAR, DEDICAR
22. TO SEND ANYONE FLOWERS: ENVIAR FLORES A ALGUIEN
23. TO BUY ANYONE A GIFT: COMPRAR UN REGALO A ALGUIEN
24. TO BLOW OUT: SOPLAR
25. SOMEONE: ALGUIEN
26. EXCHANGE