Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

English Verb Tenses: Forms, Usage, and Time Markers

1. Past Simple Tense

Forms: I walked, I didn’t walk, Did I walk?

Usage: Completed action in the past.

Time Markers: yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2007, when, then.

2. Past Continuous Tense

Forms: I was studying, I wasn’t studying, Was I studying?

Usage: An incomplete action in the past or an action interrupted by another action.

Time Markers: last night, last week, last year, at 4 o’clock, when, while, as.

3. Past Perfect Simple Tense

Forms: I had arrived, I hadn’t arrived, Had I arrived?

Usage: An action completed before another action in the past.

Time Markers: already, by the time, after, before, until, never, just.

4. Present Simple Tense

Forms: I go (he goes), I don’t go (she doesn’t... Continue reading "Complete Reference for English Tense Usage and Time Markers" »

Mastering the Past Tense of "To Have"

This practice set focuses on using the verb "to have" in the past tense (had) for affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences. Improve your English grammar skills with these exercises.

Affirmative Sentences with "Had"

• I had brown hair (Yo tenía el pelo marrón)
• We had one car (Nosotros teníamos un coche)
• He had short hair (Él tenía el pelo corto)
• Mark had a dictionary (Mark tenía un diccionario)
• She had a boyfriend (Ella tenía un novio)
• You had two children (Tú tenías dos niños)
• They had a big house (Ellos tenían una casa grande)
• I had four brothers (Yo tenía cuatro hermanos)
• He had curly hair (Él tenía el pelo rizado)
• We had a computer (Nosotros teníamos un ordenador)

Negative Sentences with "Didn'

 2 ES la aaab RUTINAS; I get up at 6:50 am I make myself a cup of tea and I iron The rop I shower and dress. I usually wear pants, a t-shirt and sports shoes Then I enlist my tools to go to school in the afternoonRUTINA POR LA TARDE; Lunch at 11 a.M. I brush my teeth. Then I take the bus At 11:40. It takes about 50 minutes to arrive at my destination. I arrive at my School and immediately go to class.RUTINAS NOCHE at night I leave my school I go to the stop I have to wait for five To 10 minutes until the busy comes after I pick it up and I go home when I get Home first I eat I brush my teeth and at nine I start doing my homework QUIEN ES EL who is he cual ES EL:which is the QUE ES :what is it CUANDO FUE :when It was DONDE FUE :where wasCUANTO:

Irregular Verbs

Common Irregular Verbs

Conditionals

1) IF + Subject + Present Simple; Subject + Will + Verb (Infinitive). (If/Unless... Unless is never negative).

2) IF + Subject + Past Simple; Subject + Would + Verb (Infinitive). (Verbs must be in Present/Present).

3) IF + Subject + Past Perfect (Had + V.ed/3rd form); Subject + Would have + V.ed/3rd form. (Verbs must be in Past/Past).

SO: Starts with the first sentence.

BECAUSE: Starts with the second sentence.

I WISH/IF ONLY

I wish + Subject + (If the verb is in PRESENT/FUTURE, use PAST SIMPLE).

I wish + Subject + (If it's a behavior, use COULD/WOULD).

I wish + Subject + (If the verb is in PAST, it's a regret, use PAST PERFECT “HAD + V.ed/3rd form”).

Sentence Structures

1) Started + V.ing (ago) == Subject + have/has + been + V.ing +... Continue reading "English Grammar: Conditionals, Wishes, and Passive Voice" »

Essential Phrases for Daily Interactions

Asking about Departure Time:

• ¿A qué hora sales de casa? (What time do you leave home?)

Expressing Likes and Dislikes:

• A ella le gusta su trabajo. (She likes her job.)
• A él no le gusta trabajar. (He doesn't like working.)

Workplace Communication:

• Necesito que archives estos documentos. (I need you to file these documents.)

Inquiring about Meetings:

• No sé cuándo es la reunión. ¿Cuándo es la reunión? (I don't know when the meeting is. When is the meeting?)
• ¿Sabes a qué hora es la reunión? (Do you know what time the meeting is?)

Telling Time:

• Son las cinco menos cuarto. (It is a quarter to five.)
• Son las cinco y cuarto. (It is a quarter past five.)

Managing Time and Resources:

• No hay suficiente tiempo. (There

Film-making

• camara operator
• cast
• costume designer
• credits
• lighting
• location
• make-up artist
• script
• set designer
• sound effects
• soundtrack
• storyboard
• subtitles
• role
• movie
• it's a wrap
• final cut
• casting agency
• wait around
• sign up with

Reporting verbs

• verb + to infinitive
• verb + object + infinitive
• verb + that

Advertising

• ad agency
• ad/advert/advertisement
• advertising campaign
• brand
• celebrity
• consumer
• eye-catching
• go viral
• hype
• jingle
• online ads
• peer pressure
• persuasive
• target audience
• noticeboard
• common room
• captive audience
• brand loyalty
• free-thinking
• citizens

Easily confused verbs:

• borrow: tomar prestado - lend: prestar
• hope: esperar - wait: esperar
• remember: recordar - remind: recordar
• see: ver - watch: ver
• spend: gustar - waste: desperdiciar
• win: ganar - earn: ganar

Reported Speech

• am/is/are - was/

A Personal Journey: Places, People, and Aspirations

My Hometown: Burriana, Spain

I live in Burriana, a middle-sized town situated on the east coast of Spain. It has approximately 40,000 citizens. Burriana is a very beautiful city and belongs to the Comunidad Valenciana.

This town boasts a very long beach and is quite touristic, especially because the Fallas are celebrated here in March. These festivities are internationally known. The area surrounding the town is characterized by vast orange groves.

A Visited City: Rome, Italy

I have visited Rome, which is situated in Southern Europe. It has approximately 4,000,000 citizens. Rome is often called the "Eternal City" because of its immense age and historical significance. Rome possesses a wealth of... Continue reading "Life in Burriana, Career Goals, and Friend Profiles" »

Tema 2 y 3

Translate

Simple Present vs. Present Continuous:

• Corto (He cuts) - Ahora corta (Now she's cutting)
• Cortaba (He was cutting) - Ha estado cortando (He has been cutting)

Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Continuous:

• Ha cortado (He has cut) - Está acostumbrado a cortar (He is used to cutting)
• Suele cortar (He usually cuts) - Se acostumbrará a cortar (He'll get used to cutting)

Past Simple vs. Used to:

• Solía cortar (He used to cut) - Ahora dispara (Now she is shooting)
• Disparó (He shot) - Disparaba (He was shooting) - No solía disparar (He didn't use to shoot)

False Friends/Cognates

• Assist/ayudar = To help (not evacuate)
• Realize/ver, darse cuenta = To understand or become aware of (not panic)
• Advise/consejo = To give advice (not receive)

Rewrite

1. We

Trouble | Problema

Get/Be Held Up | Ser Detenido

Day Return | Día de Regreso

Valid | Válido

Due | Debido/ Debería

Get In | Entra

Cancel | Cancelar

Warning | Advertencia

Connecting Flight | Vuelo de Conexión

Meant to Do | Destinado a

Pick Up | Recoger

Turn Up | Aparecer

Trip | Viaje

Overnight | Durante la Noche

Hire a Car | Alquilar un Coche

Stop Off | Parada

Via | Vía

Nightmare | Pesadilla

Get/Be Stuck | Atascarse

Traffic Jam | Atasco

End Up | Terminar

The Outskirts | Las Afueras

Heavy Traffic | Mucho Tráfico

The Rush Hour | Hora Punta

Serious Accident | Accidente Grave

Occur | Ocurrir

Van | Camioneta

Skid | Patinar

Collide With | Chocar con

Vehicle | Vehículo

Block a Road | Bloquear una Carretera

Lane | Carril

Emergency Services | Servicios de Emergencia

Avoid | Evitar

Ambulance