Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

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Future Environmental Challenges and Children

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It is true that in the future we will have contamination in our water. But, on the other hand, we will be able to filter the water, so it is not all bad.

We can agree that in the future, we will not have clean air because humans pollute the air.

It is very important to keep in mind that the Earth will change a lot. For example, instead of having glaciers, we will have more water in the ocean, and therefore, many animals and plants will die.

In my opinion, children will learn from our mistakes.

In fact, children will have many things because there will be less pollution.

In the future, children will not only be unable to play outside, but they will also not use paper in schools because there will be no forests.

In other words, in the future, our world... Continue reading "Future Environmental Challenges and Children" »

English Grammar: Relative Pronouns and Conditional Sentences

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Relative Pronouns

1. WHO (que, quien, quienes)

Used to refer to people.

Example: The boy, who you met yesterday, is my brother.

2. WHICH (que, el que, la que...)

Used to refer to animals, things, or objects.

Example: The car, which you bought yesterday, is really nice.

3. THAT (que, el que, la que...)

Used to refer to people, animals, and things. There is a rule in English that says that "that" cannot be used after a comma. Therefore, we cannot use this relative in non-defining sentences, which are those sentences in which the relative clause goes between commas.

4. WHAT (lo que)

We use "what" with this meaning when it is a relative pronoun, and not an interrogative one.

Example: What you say is false! ///// I don't understand what you say.

5. WHERE (donde)

... Continue reading "English Grammar: Relative Pronouns and Conditional Sentences" »

Common English Phrases & Spanish Translations

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  1. THAT'S RIGHT: TIENES RAZÓN
  2. SHE'S GOING TO BE: ELLA VA A CUMPLIR
  3. YOU MEAN: QUIERES DECIR, TE REFIERES
  4. LET'S SEND THEM FLOWERS: ENVIÉMOSLE FLORES
  5. SAME: MISMO/A
  6. TO BUY SOMETHING SPECIAL: COMPRAR ALGO ESPECIAL
  7. TO GET A PRESENT: CONSEGUIR UN REGALO
  8. TO HAVE A PARTY: TENER UNA FIESTA
  9. ANYTHING SPECIAL: ALGO ESPECIAL
  10. ALL OUR FRIENDS: TODOS NUESTROS AMIGOS
  11. TO DO MUCH: HACER MUCHO
  12. I'M GOING TO: VOY A
  13. LET'S SEND: ENVIEMOS
  14. TO BAKE: HORNEAR
  15. HOW OLD: QUÉ EDAD
  16. TO GIVE: DAR, ENTREGAR
  17. SOMETHING NICE: ALGO AGRADABLE
  18. NEXT BIRTHDAY: EL PRÓXIMO CUMPLEAÑOS
  19. HOW MANY CARDS: CUÁNTAS TARJETAS
  20. ARE YOU GOING TO...?: ¿VAS A...?
  21. TO SPEND: GASTAR, DEDICAR
  22. TO SEND ANYONE FLOWERS: ENVIAR FLORES A ALGUIEN
  23. TO BUY ANYONE A GIFT: COMPRAR UN REGALO A ALGUIEN
  24. TO BLOW OUT: SOPLAR
  25. SOMEONE: ALGUIEN
  26. EXCHANGE
... Continue reading "Common English Phrases & Spanish Translations" »

Latitude of the position

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Dear Sir or Madam

I am writhing t oapply for the position of telecomunications technician that.I saw advertised on www. On 20th jenuary

my name is Al and currently i am studing a vocational course in telecomunications.I provide a certificate technicical Studies in computer Sistems and Networks,apart from that,I hold a certificatee in Cisco, obtained this year.I have not got eny problems for moving out to another city for work.

I look forward to hearing from you

your faithfully

THAT

IT,WHICH : cosas animales RING

who : personas STAR

where : lugar MESH

when : tiempo BASH

whose : posesion(cuyo)

PS,he,she,it=es no futuro:(sometimes,often,never,usualy,hardlu eververbos(look,think..)

PC.Acciones futuro=ing (now, at the moment,week,day.Next,tomorrow,!!)

(i=am)... Continue reading "Latitude of the position" »

English Vocabulary and Modal Verbs

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Essential English Vocabulary

This document provides a list of useful English words and phrases, along with their Spanish translations and corrected spellings.

  • A high level: Nivel alto
  • Absorbed: Absorbido
  • Add to: Añadir a
  • Advance: Avance / Adelantar
  • Advancement: Avance
  • Alive: Vivo
  • Apparently: Aparentemente
  • Appealing: Atractivo
  • Attract: Atraer
  • Attraction: Atracción
  • Attractive: Atractivo
  • Boost: Impulsar
  • Broadcast: Retransmitir
  • Catch a glimpse: Ver algo por un segundo
  • Catch on: Hacerse popular
  • Childproof: A prueba de niños
  • Come down on: Criticar
  • Come into: Heredar
  • Come off: Salir / Resultar
  • Come out: Salir a la venta / Salir fuera
  • Come round: Pasar por / Volver
  • Crowd: Multitud
  • Dim: Poca luz
  • Draw a crowd: Atraer una multitud
  • Either way: De cualquier manera
  • Ensure: Asegurar
  • Enthusiasm:
... Continue reading "English Vocabulary and Modal Verbs" »

Essential English-Spanish Phrases for Everyday Conversations

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Essential English-Spanish Phrases

Here are some useful English and Spanish phrases for everyday conversations:

  • Hi, what's up? / Hola, ¿qué está pasando?
  • I am at your service anytime. / Estoy a su servicio cuando guste.
  • May I help you? / ¿Puedo ayudarlo?
  • What can I do for you? / ¿Qué puedo hacer por usted?
  • Certainly. / Seguro.
  • Thank you very much. / Muchas gracias.
  • You are welcome. / De nada.
  • Hi there! / ¡Hola amigos!
  • What's your name? / ¿Cómo te llamas?
  • How old are you? / ¿Cuántos años tienes?
  • Where were you born? / ¿Dónde naciste?
  • What's your citizenship? / ¿Cuál es tu ciudadanía?
  • Where are you going? / ¿Adónde vas?
  • I am going home/shopping. / Voy a casa/de compras.
  • Have a nice day! / ¡Que tengas buen día!
  • Likewise. / Igualmente.
  • I intend
... Continue reading "Essential English-Spanish Phrases for Everyday Conversations" »

English Grammar: Mastering Passive Voice and Prepositions

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Passive Voice and Prepositions

Passive Voice

Tense Comparison

TenseActivePassive
Present SimpleI make a cake.A cake is made.
Present ContinuousI am making a cake.A cake is being made.
Past SimpleI made a cake.A cake was made.
Past ContinuousI was making a cake.A cake was being made.
Present PerfectI have made a cake.A cake has been made.
Present Perfect ContinuousI have been making a cake.A cake has been being made.
Past PerfectI had made a cake.A cake had been made.
Future SimpleI will make a cake.A cake will be made.
Future PerfectI will have made a cake.A cake will have been made.

Have Something Done

  • Liz and Meg are having their hair dyed.
    Liz y Meg se están haciendo teñir el pelo.
  • Mr. Singer always has his suits made at the tailor's shop.
    El señor
... Continue reading "English Grammar: Mastering Passive Voice and Prepositions" »

The Impact of Diet on Behavior and Health

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Additives and Junk Food

Additives in junk food can have a detrimental effect on both physical and mental well-being. These comida basura often lack essential nutrients, leading to deficits and imbalances that can manifest as various symptoms, including:

  • Restlessness (inquietud)
  • Mood swings
  • Sweaty and panicky episodes

Over-reliance on junk food can contribute to a worsening (decline) in overall health and increase the risk of chronic diseases.

Side Effects and Long-Term Consequences

The harmful (dañino) effects of a poor diet extend beyond immediate discomfort. Over-prescription (exceso de prescripción) of medications and over-reliance (sobre confianza) on quick fixes can mask underlying nutritional deficiencies. This can create a vicious cycle... Continue reading "The Impact of Diet on Behavior and Health" »

English Verb Tenses and Grammar Rules

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Present Simple: I drink

Present Continuous: I'm Drunk

Present Perfect: I have drunk

Present Perfect Continuous: I have been drinking


Past Simple: I drank

Past Continuous: I was drinking

Past Perfect: I had drunk

Past Perfect Continuous: I had been drinking


Future Simple: I will drink

Future Continuous: I will be drinking

Future Perfect Simple: I will have drunk

Future Perfect Continuous: I will have been drinking


Modal Verbs

  • Can
  • Could
  • May
  • Might
  • Must
  • Should
  • Will


Relative Pronouns

  • Who (person)
  • What (thing)
  • That (person/thing)
  • Whom (person)
  • Which (thing)
  • Whose (person/thing)


Passive Voice: Object + To be + Past Participle + By + Subject (WAS)

English Verb Tenses and Vocabulary

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Present Simple

Do/Does-Preguntas vbos normales, ej. I usually get up at 7.00 o’clock, I love fish.->Always, usually, generally, regularly, occasionally, frequently, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never. In the morning/afternoon... at 6.30, on Mondays, every week, once a week, how often..?

Present Continuous

Are/Is/Am+ing ej. I am listening to music, This month he is living in Madrid.~>-Now, right now, at the moment, This year, at present, today, these days, this month, This evening, tonight, tomorrow, next. Friday/week/month.

Past Simple

Acciones completadas en el pasado ej. Mary bought a new car last week, We had dinner and watched a film.->-Yesterday, last week/year/month, three days ago, in 1989, in the 1970s, in the 19th century,... Continue reading "English Verb Tenses and Vocabulary" »